● 清教主义
北国雪● A religious and political movement which Emerged in England around middle 1500s.
● Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the Puritans who were originally members of a division of the Protestant Church. As the word itlf hints, Puritans wanted to purity their religious beliefs and practices.
● They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace form God.
● As a culture heritage, Puritanism did have a profound influence on the early American mind. American Puritanism also had a enduring influence on American literature.
● 启蒙主义
● It was a philosophical and intellectual movement that originated in Europe.
● The 18th-century American Enlightenment was a movement marked by an emphasis on
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rationality rather than tradition, scientific inquiry instead of unquestioning religious dogma, and reprentative government in place of monarchy.
● Enlightenment thinkers and writers were devoted to the ideals of justice, liberty, and equality as the natural rights of man.
● The colonists who would form a new nation were firm believers in the power of reason; they were ambitious, inquisitive, optimistic, practical, politically astute, and lf-reliant.
● 深院锁清秋The most famous reprentative of Enlightenment was Benjamin Franklin.
● 浪漫主义
● It was an artistic and intellectual movement that originated in Europe in the late 18th century and characterized by a heightened interest in nature, emphasis on the individual’s expression of emotion and imagination, departure from the attitudes and forms of classicism, and rebellion against established social rules and conventions.
● The most renowned romantic writers in America include Washington Irving, Nathaniel Hawthorne and Edgar Allan Poe.
● 超验主义
● Transcendentalism is a philosophical and literary movement that flourished in New England from about 1836 to 1860. It marked the maturity of American romanticism and the first renaissance in the American literary history.
● The term was derived from the Latin verb transcendere which means to ri above , to pass beyond the limits.
● It originated among a small group of intellectuals who were reacting against the orthodoxy of Calvinism and the rationalism of the Unitarian Church, developing instead their own faith centering on the divinity of humanity and the natural world. They believe that the most fundamental truths about life and death can be reached only by going beyond the world of the ns. Emerson’s Nature has been called the “Manifesto of Am
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蔡国庆简介erican Transcendentalism” and his The American Scholar has been rightly regarded as America’s “Declaration of Intellectual Independence”.
● Although never a rigorously systematic philosophy, it had some basic tenets that were generally shared by its adherents.
● Free Ver
● Free ver is the translation of the French term “vers libre”. It means that the poetry is without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme. A loor and open-ended syntactical structure is frequently favored.
● Instead of having metrical feet and lines, free ver has a varying rhythm that suits its meaning and that us the sounds of spoken language in lines of different lengths.
性感的名字● Its form pattern is often largely bad on repetition and parallel structure.
● 指导教师意见Walt Whitman’s poems are typical examples
● International theme
● the meeting of Ame and Euro,American innocence in contact and contrast with European decadence, and its moral and psychological complications. For the American it was a process of progression from inexperience to experience, from innocence to knowledge and maturity.
● 乡土文学
● Local colorism has such quality of texture and background that it could not have been written in any other place or by anyone el than a native.
● texture refers to the elements which characterize a local color,elements,such as speech,customs and mores peculiar to one particular place.
● The aim of the local colorist is to create the illusion of an indigenous little world with quality that tell it apart from the world outside.
● Local colorism as a trend first made its prence in the late 1800s and early twenties.
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