口译的翻译方法及忠实
口译的翻译方法及忠实
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广西特色小吃The evaluation criterion for good interpretation has been frequently discusd in the interpreting community and many scholars have propod their own opinions. For example, Gile’s criteria include fidelity, quality of the voice as well as usage of terminologies, etc; Bao Gang propod complete and accurate interpretation and fluent delivery; Buhler contended that the evaluation criteria consist of n consistency. In fact, the criterion such as accurate interpretation, consistency and equivalence can be summarized as “faithfulness”, though different rearchers focus on different aspects of faithfulness. Therefore, it can be said that in terms of criterion for evaluat ing interpretation, “faithfulness” is discusd by rearchers most. The Interpretive Theory also has its own understanding towards “faithfulness”. Amparo Albie, an important scholar of the Paris School, put forward three eva
煎猪血luation criteria for faithfulness in Notion of Faithfulness in Translation (La Notion de
Fede’lite’en Traduction):
滴滴答答怎么写“In translating, we should be faithful to the author’intention (le vouloir dire) and be in accordance with the specific manners of expression of the target language and the target reader.” (quoted from Lederer, 2003:69-70)
In the following part, the three standards will be introduced one by one.家长会家长感言
To evaluate whether the interpretation of a certain speech is faithful or not, first of all, we can try to find out whether it is faithful to the intention of the speaker. This criterion is related to the first stage of interpreting—comprehension.
Being faithful to the speaker’s intention means that the interpretation should be loyal to what the speaker really intends to express, not mere the mechanical equivalence to the exact words the speaker says. The speaker’s intention is a complicated concept, for on the one hand, the linguistic significations of the words or ntences of the speech someti
mes cannot reveal wholly the intention, therefore the interpreter need to infer it on the basis of the given information; on the other, being faithful to the speaker’s intention involves other factors such as the
speaker’s style, this is becau “n”, what the speaker wants to convey and what he/she wants others to understand, is a synthesis of language, identity and expression style of the speaker, topic and communicative occasion.
For interpreters, word-for-word interpreting sometimes does not necessarily achieve faithfulness, only when they put the speech under the context and cognitive environment and understand the real intention of the speaker can they produce faithful interpretation.
This criterion is associated with the third stage of interpreting—re-expression.
It is known that different languages have different means of expression, styles and rules. So to be faithful to the target language, interpreters should produce their interpreted version in accordance with the rules of the target language so as to make their re-expres
sion natural and idiomatic; otherwi, they cannot make themlves understood, thus leading to failure of communication between the speaker and listener. Take Chine and English as an example. English stress “logic” and such logic is showed in the ntence with conjunctions while
the logic in Chine is ldom expresd explicitly with conjunctions; English ntences are longer and more complicated while Chine ntences are conci and short; Chine people prefer to u four-character phras while the equivalence of such four-character-phras can ldom be found in English; besides, Chine people prefer to u active voice most of the time but English people prefer passive voice, etc. Therefore, while interpreting Chine to English or vice versa, interpreters should express themlves according to the rules, expression manners and style of the target language. Seleskovitch pointed out that to evaluate interpretation, we should also and always take the respon of the listener or the audience into consideration. She also stresd that it is necessary to target the language to the expectation of the audience. In other words, through the interpreted version, the listener is able to grasp the n of the source disco
优秀教师主要事迹
ur and react as the listener who speaks the source language does. Meanwhile, the interpretation should be acceptable to the listener, which means it should be natural and intelligible. Moreover, in the re-expression stage, a qualified
interpreter should be capable of identifying himlf or herlf from the respon of the audience. This maybe difficult in simultaneous interpreting becau interpreters sit in a booth which is often located behind the audience or far away from the audience. But in concutive interpreting, as interpreters can face the audience, they can judge from the respon of the audience directly to e whether or not the information of the source discour is well received. If not, they should make adjustments or explanations to help them understand.豆芽花
To sum up, to be faithful to n, interpreters should be faithful to the intended n of the speech originator, to the target language and to the speech receiver. The three criteria work together indispensably and should all be considered at the same time. If only being faithful to either one or either two of them, faithfulness to n can never be fully achieved.
