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1.香囊(scented sachet)，古代也称“香袋”，通常是用布缝制或彩色丝线编织的 袋子，里面塞满香草(aromatic herbs)。香囊最初用来吸汗、驱虫和避邪。香囊不仅 有用，而且可作装饰品。它们的形状和大小各异，有圆形、椭圆形和其他形状。它 们通常配有精致的图案，每个图案都象征着特别的含义。例如，双鱼或成对蝴蝶 图案象征男女之爱;莲花或牡丹花(peony flower)等图案象征女性;松树和仙鹤 图案象征长寿;石榴(guava)图案象征很多孩子。漂亮的香囊不仅是装饰品，而且 含有丰富的文化和历史内涵。
翻译：Scented sachets, also called “fragrant bags” in ancient times, are bags usually wed with cloth or weaved with multicolor silk threads and stuffed with aromatic herbs. The fragrant bags were originally ud for absorbing sweat, repelling incts and warding off evils. Scented sachets are not only uful, but also ornamental. They come in different shapes and sizes, such as round, oval and many others. And they are normally decorated with elaborate patterns, with each pattern symbolizing a special meaning.For instance,a double-fish or double-butterfly pattern smybolizes the love between a man and a woman;pa
tterns like lotus or peony flowers symbolize women;pine and crane patterns symbolize longevity and a guava pattern is the symbol of lots of children.A nice scented sachet is not just an ornament,but more of something that contains cultural and historical richness.
2.中国民间艺术与中国哲学统一于“阴阳(yin-yang)生万物”这一理念。这一理念源于中国原始社会，是对人类的人生感悟的哲学注解。中国人祖先的哲学论断是“近看自己，远观他人”。要理解中华民族民间艺术的原始艺术，这一结论必不 可少。人类的本能欲望是生存并通过繁衍(propagation)继续存在。人生来的首要 本能是求生，然后是长寿。从原始社会到今天，阴阳和永生的观念始终贯穿中国的社会生活和民族文化。中国民间艺术反映了社会的所有基本哲学理念。
忙的词语 翻译：Chine folk art and Chine philosophy are unified in the belief that yin-yang produces all living things in the world. Originated in Chine primitive society, this was the philosophical explanation of human's perception of life. Chine ancestors philosophical conclusion was to “look at onelf up clo and other creatures from afar”，which is esntial to the understanding of the primitive art to the folk art of the nation. To li
ve and to continue life through propagation are the two instinctive desires of human. From birth, a person's first instinct is to survive, and then to live a long life. From primitive society to the prent day, the view of yin-yang and perpetual life has permeated in all aspects of social life and the national culture of Chine society.Chine folk art reflects all of the basic philosophical concepts.历史那些事儿
3.象棋(Chine chess)两人玩的棋盘游戏，源于春秋战国时期的军事战略。 早期的象棋由三部分组成:棋子、骰(dice)和棋盘。现代象棋没有骰子,它在棋子和棋盘方面与古代不同。棋盘有9行宽、10行长，共90个交叉点，构成方形网格 (grid)。棋子在交叉点上落子或移动。对弈者在棋盘进行象征性的军很战争，部署马匹、战车，根据自己对棋局和游戏规则的理解组织军队。目前，中国象棋已传至全世界，进一步传承、发扬中国传统文化。
翻译：Chine chess is a two-player board game sprang from military strategies in the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States periods. The early-stage Chine chess consisted of three components:chess pieces，dice and board. There’s no dice in modem Chine chess. And tiie game is dififerrait from its ancient counteipart in tenns of pieces a
nd board.The board is 9 lines wide by 10 lines long, with a total of 90 crossing points.The grids formed are square. The pieces are placed and moved on the crossing points. The two players conduct a reprentational military battle on the board by deploying hors and chariots and organizing troops bad on tbeir understanding of the layout of die game and the playing rules. Currently, Chine chess has been introduced to the whole worid, giving a boost to the effort to carry on and develop traditional Chine culture.芽菜肉末
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4.围棋是两位对弈者之间战略性的棋盘游戏(board game)。围棋已有 3000多年的历史，可以说是所有古代棋类游戏的起源。围棋的规则很简单，但是有数不尽的策略。这就是围棋的魅力所在。下一盘围棋的时间短至15分钟，长至数天。但是多数情况下，下一盘围棋需要一或两个小时。围棋是综合科学、艺术和竞赛的游戏。围棋对于智力发展、性格培养和灵活的策略学习非常有益。难怪围棋已经流行了几千年，并逐渐成为一项国际文化游戏。
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翻译：Weiqi is a strategic board game between two players. With a history of over 3,000 years, the game can be regarded as the originator of all ancient chess games.The
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市籍rules of Weiqi are very simple but there are countless variations of strategies.This is where the beauty of the game lies. The time for one round of weiqi can be as short as 15 minutes or as long as a few days. In most cas, though, it takes one or two hours to finish one round. Weiqi is a game that combines science, art and competition. It's beneficial for intelligence development, personality cultivation and flexible strategy learning. It's no wonder the game having been popular for thousands of years and is gradually becoming an international cultural game.
