历年高考英语真题分类汇编之
受人之托忠人之事阅读理解科技说明文
（2023年1月浙江卷）
C酒神唐家三少
A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel's former national debating champion.
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weakness. It takes ntences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles饹馇 will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There's never a stage at which the system knows what it's talking about.”
党员承诺What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a t of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what tho symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work with symbols. But for humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they mean.
Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from machines. And that's why, however astonishing Project Debater may em, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence.
28.Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph?
A.To explain the u of a software program.
B.To show the cleverness of Project Debater.扮猪吃老虎
C.To introduce the designer of Project Debater.
D.To emphasize the fairness of the competition.
29.What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Arguments. B. Doubts. C. Errors. D. Differences.
30.What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond?
A. Create rules. B. Comprehend meaning.
C. Talk fluently. D. Identify difficult words.
31.What can we learn from the last paragraph?请留盘石上
A.Social interaction is key to understanding symbols.
B.The human brain has potential yet to be developed.
C.Ancient philosophers t good examples for debaters.
D.Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.
（2023年1月浙江卷）
D
张从
According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed ( 安装) has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them.
Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven't given much thought to what they put under them. Often, they'll end up filling the a
rea with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, e solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE) project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focus on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫).
Habitat loss, pesticide u, and climate change have caud dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have pasd laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide u. Conrvation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens, business, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “The pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that's going on in the landscape,” says Macknick.
32.What do solar developers often ignore?
