语⾔学导论期末考试试题（滨州学院外语系）
语⾔学导论期末考试试题（滨州学院外语系）
Ⅰ. Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and choo the letter A，B，C or D. （20%）
1. _______ is best known and remembered for its contribution to phonology and the distinction between phonetics and phonology. The most influential scholar in this aspect is Trubetzkoy who published Principles of Phonology in 1939.
A. The London School
B. Traditional grammar
C. American Structuralism
D. The Prague School
2. Saussure believed that language is a system of signs. This sign is the union of a form and an idea，which Saussure called _______.
A. langue and parole
B. signifier and signified
C. speech and writing
D. system and function
3. Many modern linguists have criticized traditional grammarians for adopting a _____ approach to language study.
A. synchronic
B. diachronic
C. prescriptive
D. descriptive
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4. The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is good proof that human language is_______.
A. arbitrary
B. rational
C. logical
D. cultural
5. Palatal mi-vowel refers to the sound_______.
A. [n]
B. [h]
C. [w]
D. [j]
6. A phoneme is a group of phonetically similar sounds called_______.
A. minimal pairs
B. allomorphs
C. phones
外国人名大全D. allophones
7. Morphemes that reprent “ten”，“number”，“gender”，“ca” and so forth are called_______morphemes.
A. inflectional
B. bound
C. free
D. derivational
8. The English word “modernizers” is compod of_______morphemes.
A. four
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B. three
C. two
D. five
9. “Unless I hear from her，I won’t leave this town” is a_______ntence.
A. simple
B. coordinate
C. complex
D. compound
10. In the phra structure rule “S NP VP”，the arrow can be read as_______.
A. is equal to
B. consists of
C. has
D. generates
11. In the following pairs of words，_______are a pair of complementary antonyms.
A. old and young
B. male and female
C. hot and cold
D. buy and ll
12. The stimulus-respon theory was propod by_______.
A. Firth
B. Halliday
C. Bloomfield
D. Chomsky
13._______found that natural language had its own logic and thus concluded the famous Cooperative Principle.
A. John Austin
B. John Firth
C. Paul Grice
D. William Jones
14. As far as the ntence “My bag is heavy” is concerned，linguists of pragmatics are more interested in its ______ meaning.
A. literal
B. logical
C. contextual
D. grammatical
15._______is defined as any regionally or socially definable human group identified by shared linguistic system.
A. A speech community
B. A race
C. A society
D. A nation
16. A speaker’s knowledge of the total t of rules，conventions，etc.，governing the skilled u of language in a society is termed ______.
A. competence
B. performance
C. communicative competence
D. communicative strategy
17. The phonemes /k/，/a:/ and /p/ are in ______ relations in the words /ka:p/ （carp）and /pa:k/ （park）.
A. synchronic
B. syntagmatic
C. diachronic
D. paradigmatic
18. The Prague School claims that a ntence may be analyzed from the functional side in terms of ______as well as from the grammatical side.
土地证号A. theme and rheme
B. argument and predicate
C. subject and predicate
D. performative and constative
19. In the proposition “Professor Green is a linguist”，the predicate linguist is a ______.
A. no-place predicate
B. one-place predicate
C. two-place predicate
D. three-place predicate
20. The following conversation exchange clearly violates ______.
A: Let’s get the kids something.
B: Okey，but I veto I-C-E-C-R-E-A-M-S.
A. maxim of Quantity
B. maxim of Quality
C. maxim of Relation
D. maxim of Manner
Ⅱ. Decide whether the following statements are true or fal. Write T for true and F for fal. （20%）
1. By arbitrariness Saussure means that the forms of linguistic signs bear some natural relationship to their meaning.（）
2. Human language is，unlike animal communication systems，stimulus free.（）
3. Language marks our identity，physically in terms of age，x，and voiceprints；geographically in terms of accents，dialects.（）
4. The ntencing of criminals is an example of emotive function of language.（）
5. Synchronic linguistic is the study of a language through the cour of its history.（）
6. Pre-school children know virtually all the rules of language except for some subtleties. This means they have the underlying knowledge about the system of rules.（）
7. The sound〔z〕is a voiced alveolar stop.（）
8. The free variants of a phoneme shown in the different pronunciation of the same word，such as “tap” may be caud by habit，or individual preference，rather than by any distribution rule.（）
9. Voicing is a distinctive feature for English consonants.（）
月亮巨蟹座女10. A syllable that has no coda is called a clod syllable.（）
11. In English，inflectional affixes are mostly prefixes.（）
12. In the word “illegal”，“il” is an allomorph of the negativ e morpheme.（）
13. The word “girl” ud to mean “young person of either x”. Today it means “young woman”. This is an example of broadening of meaning.（）
14. The value of a linguistic sign is determined by the signs with which it can combine to form a syntagmatic relation，and the signs with which it can form a paradigmatic relation.（）
15. The phra “five children” is an endocentric construction. （）
16. Componential analysis can not help explain the n relations of words.（）
17. The ntence I pour some liquid into the tube is a performative one.（）
18. The ntence like War is war is an example in which the Quality maxim is violated.（）
19. The weak version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis says that language is the shaper of our thinking patterns.（）
20. Malinowsky believed that the context of situation is indispensable for the understanding of the words.（）
Ⅲ. Explain the following linguistic terms or notions in English. （40%）
1. Trace
2. Displacement
3. Stem
4. Dissimilation
5. Diacritics
6. Theme
7. Relational opposites
8. Sapir-Whorf Hypothes
9. Predicate logic
调查问卷前言10. Conversational implicature让幸福来敲门
Ⅳ. Give brief answers to the following questions. （12+8=20）
1. What are the main concerns of general linguistics？
2. Explain the speech act theory with examples.
试题标准答案及评分标准⽤纸课程名称语⾔学导论（B卷）Ⅰ. Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and choo the letter A，B，C or D. （120=20）
1. A
2. D
3.A
4. C
5. B
6. C
7. D
8. D
9. D10. B
11.A12. A13. C14. D15. C16. B17.C18. C19. B20.D
Ⅱ. Decide whether the following statements are true or fal. Write T for true and F for fal. （120=20）
1. T
2. F
3. T
4. F
5. T
6. T
7. F
8. T
9. F10. T
11. F12. T13. F14. F15. T16. T17. F18. F19. T20. T
Ⅲ. Explain the following linguistic terms and notions in English. （210=20）
1. Trace—（By Chomsky）A phonetically null element to occupy the position from which
a syntactic element has been moved. That is，after the movement of an element，there will be a trace left in the original position.
2. Displacement--It means that human lges enable their urs to symbolize （refer to）objects，events and concepts which are not prent （in time and space）at the moment of communication.
3. Stem—Any morpheme or combination of morphemes to which an inflection affix can be added. A stem can be equivalent to a root or may contain a root and a derivational affix.
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