大学英语四级真题2014年6月-(3)
Part Ⅰ Writing
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following question. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
1、Suppo a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit China, what is the first place you would like to take him/her to e and why?
Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
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Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In this ction, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to lect one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage throug
h carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. The fact is, the world has been finding less oil than it has been using for more than twenty years now. Not only has demand been 2 , but the oil干旱的反义词
we have been finding is coming from places that are 3 to reach. At the
same time, more of this newly 4 oil is of the type that requires a greater
investment to 5 . And becau demand for this precious resource will grow, according to some, by over 40 percent by 2025, fueling the world's economic 6 will take a lot more energy from every possible source.
The energy industry needs to get more from existing fields while continuing to arch for new 7 . Automakers must continue to improve fuel efficiency and perfect hybrid (混合动力的) vehicles. Technological improvements are needed so that wind, solar and hydrogen can be
捉迷藏英语more 8 parts of the energy equation. Governments need to formulate energy
policies that promote 9 and environmentally sound development. Consumers must be willing to pay for some of the solutions, while practicing conrvation efforts of their own.
Inaction is not an 10 . So let's work together to balance this equation.
We are taking some of the 11 needed to get started, but we need your help to go the rest of the way.
A. conquently
B. cultivate
C. declining
D. derived
E. difficult
F. discovered
G. economically
H. exception
I. feasible
J. growth
K. option
L. refine
M. rerves
N. soaring
O. steps
Section B
Directions: In this ction, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choo a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.
A. In 2008, at a German zoo, a gorilla (大猩猩) named Gana gave birth to a male infant, who died aft
er three months. Photographs of Gana, looking stricken and inconsolable (伤心欲绝的), attracted crowds to the zoo. Sad as the scene was, the humans, not Gana, were the only ones crying. The notion that animals can weep has no scientific basis. Years of obrvations by biologists Dian Fosy, who obrved gorillas, and Jane Goodall, who worked with chimpanzees (黑猩猩), could not prove that animals cry tears from emotion.
B. It's true that many animals shed tears, especially in respon to pain. Tears protect the eye by keeping it moist. But crying as an expression of feeling is unique to humans and has played an esntial role in human evolution and the development of human cultures.
困难的用英语怎么说C. Within two days an infant can imitate sad and happy faces. If an infant does not cry out, it is unlikely to get the attention it needs to survive. Around 3-4 months, the relationship between the human infant and its environment takes on a more organized communicative role, and tearful crying begins to rve interpersonal purpos: the arch for comfort and pacification (抚慰). As we get older, crying becomes a tool of our social interaction: grief and joy, shame and pride, fear and manipulation.
D. Tears are as universal as laughter, and grief is more complex than joy. But although we all cry, we
do so in different ways. Women cry more frequently and intenly than men, especially when expod to emotional events. Like crying, depression is, around the world, more commonly en in women than in men. One explanation might be that women, who despite decades of social advances still suffer from economic inequality, discrimination (歧视) and even violence, might have more to cry about. Men not only cry for shorter periods than women, but they also are less inclined to explain their tears, usually shed them more quietly, and tend more frequently to apologize when they cry openly. Men, like women, report crying at the death of a loved one and in respon to a moving religious experience. They are more likely than women to cry when their core identities—as providers and protectors, as fathers and fighters—are questioned.
E. People who score on personality tests as more sympathetic cry more than tho who are more rigid or have more lf-control. Frequency of crying varies widely: some shed tear at any novel or movie, others only a handful of times in their lives. Crying in respon to stress and conflict in the home, or after emotional trauma (创伤), lasts much longer than tears induced by everyday sadness—which in turn last longer than tears of delight and joy.
F. Sadness is our primary association with crying, but the fact is that people report feeling happier after crying. Surveys estimate that 85% of women and 73% of men report feeling better after sheddi
ng tears. Surprisingly, crying is more commonly associated with minor forms of depression than with major depression involving suicidal thoughts.
G. People widely report that crying relieves tension, restores emotional balance and provides "catharsis," a washing out of bad feelings. The term "catharsis" has religious implications of removing evil and sin; it's no surpri that religious ceremonies are, around the world, one of the main ttings for the relea of tears.
H. Crying is a nearly universal sign of grief, though some mourners report that, despite genuine sorrow, they cannot shed tears—sometimes even for years after their loved one has gone. Unlike today, when the privacy of grief is more respected, the public or ceremonial shedding of tears, at the graveside of a spou or the funeral of a king or queen, was once considered socially or even politically esntial.
I. Crying has also rved other social purpos. Rousau wrote in his Confessions that while he considered tears the most powerful expression of love, he also just liked to cry over nothing.
J. The association of tears with art has ancient roots. The classic Greek tragedies of the fifth century B.C. were primarily celebrations of gods. Tragedies, like poetry and music, were staged religious eve
nts. Even then it was recognized that crying in respon to drama brought pleasure.
K. I have argued that there are neurobiological (神经生物方面的) associations linking the arts and mood disorders. When I lecture on crying, I ask my audience to let me know, by a show of hands, which art forms most move them to tears. About 80% say music, followed cloly by novels (74%), but then the figures fall sharply, to 43%, for poetry, and 10-22% for paintings, sculpture and architecture.
L. The physical act of crying is mainly one of breathing in air, which is why we choke up when we weep. This suggests to language scientists that emotional crying evolved before language, perhaps explaining why tears communicate states of mind and feelings that are often so difficult to express in words. Of cour, from an evolutionary perspective, recognition of emotion (usually through facial gesture) was esntial for survival.
M. The earliest humans arrived veral million years ago, but only 150,000 to 200,000 years ago, did cultures, language, religion and the arts ari. Along the way, tears became more than a biological necessity to lubricate (润滑) the eye and developed into a sign of inten emotion and a signal of social bonding. The development of lf-consciousness and the notion of individual identity,
or ego; storytelling about the origins of the world, the creation of humanity and life after death; and the ability to feel others' sadness—all were critical parts of the neurobiological changes that made us human.
N. More recently, we've learned from neuroscience that certain brain circuits (回路) are activated (激活), rapidly and unconsciously, when we e another in emotional distress. In short, our brain evolved circuits to allow us to experience sympathy, which in turn made civilization, and an ethics bad on sympathy, possible. So the next time you reach a tissue box, or sob on a friend's shoulder, or shed tears at the movies, stop and reflect on why we cry and what it means to cry. Becau ultimately, while we love to cry, we also cry to love.
12、 Nowadays people respect the privacy of grief more than in the past.
13、 Infants cry to attract attention for survival.
14、 There is no scientific evidence as yet that animals can shed tears from
emotion.
15、 Tears can perform certain communicative functions which words cannot.
16、 Our ability to experience sympathy is esntial to the development of civilization.
17、 People are more inclined to cry when suffering minor forms of depression.线段
18、 Sometimes people cannot cry despite genuine grief.
19、 In humans' long history, tears have developed an esntial role in social relationships.
20、 Men are less likely to give reasons for their tears.
21、 Crying has long been associated with art.
立体春字剪纸Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this ction. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices markedA.,B.,C. andD..
Passage One
Hospitals, hoping to curb medical error, have invested heavily to put computers, smart-phones and other devices into the hands of medical staff for instant access to patient data, drug information and
ca studies.
But like many cures, this solution has come with an unintended side effect: doctors and nurs can be focud on the screen and not the patient, even during moments of critical care. A poll showed that half of medical technicians had admitted texting during a procedure.儿童票
This phenomenon has t off an intensifying discussion at hospitals and medical schools about a problem perhaps best described as "distracted doctoring". In respon, some hospitals have begun limiting the u of electronic devices in critical ttings, while schools have started reminding medical students to focus on patients instead of devices.
"You justify carrying devices around the hospital to do medical records, but you can surf the Internet or do Facebook, and sometimes Facebook is more tempting," said Dr. Peter Papadakos at the University of Rochester Medical Center.
欧洲自由行"My gut feeling (本能的感觉) is lives are in danger," said Dr. Papadakos. "We're not educating people about the problem, and it's getting wor."
A survey of 439 medical technicians found that 55 percent of technicians who monitor bypass machi
nes acknowledged that they had talked on cellphones during heart surgery. Half said they had texted while in surgery. The study concluded, "Such distractions have the potential to be disastrous."
Medical professionals have always faced interruptions from cellphones, and multitasking is simply a fact of life for many medical jobs. What has changed, say doctors, especially younger ones, is that they face increasing pressure to interact with their devices.
The pressure stems from a mantra (信条) of modem medicine that patient care must be "data driven", and informed by the latest, instantly accessible information. By many accounts, the technology has helped reduce medical error by providing instant access to patient data or prescription details.
Dr. Peter Carmel, president of the American Medical Association, said technology "offers great potential in health care", but he added that doctors' first priority should be with the patient.好看言情小说
22、 Why do hospitals equip their staff with computers, smartphones and other devices?
A. To reduce medical error.
B. To cope with emergencies.
C. To facilitate administration.
D. To simplify medical procedures.
23、 What does the author refer to by "distracted doctoring"?
A. The disrvice done by modern devices to doctors, nurs, as well as patients.
B. The tendency of medical institutions encouraging the u of modem devices.
C. The problem of devices preventing doctors from focusing on their patients.
D. The phenomenon of medical staff attending to personal affairs while working.
24、 What does Dr. Peter Papadakos worry about?
A. Medical students are not adequately trained to u modern technology.
B. Doctors' interaction with their devices may endanger patients' lives.
C. Doctors are relying too heavily on modem electronic technology.
D. Pressures on the medical profession may become overwhelming.
25、 Why do doctors feel increasing pressure to u modem devices?
A. Patients trust doctors who u modem technology.
B. U of modem devices adds to hospitals' revenues.
C. Data is given too much importance in patient care.
D. Patients' data has to be revid from time to time.
26、 What is Peter Carmel's advice to doctors?
A. They follow cloly the advances in medical science.
B. They focus their attention on the patient's condition.
C. They obrve hospital rules and regulations.
D. They make the best u of modem devices.
Passage Two
I have cloly watched my generation, known as The Millennials, for 29 years now. Joe Stein wrote an extensive piece on Millennials and he remains rather optimistic about our potential.
I hesitate to share his optimism becau of a paradox (矛盾的现象) we em to exhibit, namely, that there are more avenues for us to entertain ourlves than ever before, yet we are more bored than ever before.
Entertainment has never been more varied. We have more cable channels, television shows, and movies than ever before. Internet providers allow instant viewing of almost any movie or television program ever created. Social drinking and partying are also widely available for Millennials. Every generation develops the habits at a certain age, but Millennials em to be extending this pha of life as they postpone marriage.
Some of this is undoubtedly due to the Great Recession. Millennials are having a difficult time finding jobs; only 47 percent of the
16-to-24-year-olds are employed, the smallest share since government started recording data in 1948.
But do Millennials respond to the economic troubles by doing whatever it takes to make ends meet? Hardly. In fact, of the four generations Pew Rearch has data for, the Millennial generation does not cite work ethic (勤奋工作) as distinctive of itlf. Millennials want to save the world, but they sit and wait for that world-changing opportunity to be handed to them. Instead of working 2-3 jobs, launching a business, or doing what it takes to succeed, they retreat. Millennials may be the first generation to have a lower standard of living than their parents, but with this respon to
