新生儿奶瓶怎么选The Forms of Cultural Differences and Translation
Cultural differences have many expressive forms. Any subtle difference can bring out problem to translation. We should try to know and recognize as many forms of cultural differences as possible, so that we can deal with problems of translation more flexibly. I list some typical forms to explain the relationship between cultural differences and translation.
1 The differences in ways of thinking and translation
Ways of thinking is the process of an individual choosing, evaluating and organizing external stimulus, which is the process of changing external stimulus to personal experience. A nation’s ways of thinking not only affect individual’s social activity, but also affect respon of other nations, and the attitude of translated culture towards original culture agreement, appreciation or belittlement, exclusion.
In western culture, people think that there is direct relation between ideology and actual w
orld, laying great emphasis on rationale and deduction, believing that as long as following right logical steps, they will obtain truth. While in some eastern culture, such as Buddhism, people think that rationale and logic cannot obtain truth, the best way of obtaining truth is speculation, meditation and waiting, and then truth will appear naturally. In addition, different nations have great difference in standpoint and respon to outside things. It is said that, an American, a German, a Japane person and a Chine person went to visit Ocean Muum. The American wondered at the sight of the muum, saying “Terrific!” and admiring the fish with huge and beautiful shape. The German inquired into the water temperature and habits of the fish carefully. The Japane examined the quality and cost of the fish tank. While the Chine wanted to know whether the fish is eatable and whether it is delicious. We do not evaluate the creditability of the hearsay, but different cultures indeed have different respon. For example, Americans put emphasis on the size and price of things they met, while Japane think color is a much more important standard. It demands translators understanding relevant languages and deeds of different nations, being familiar with relevant cultures’ ways of thinking.
Differences in ways of thinking can directly affect people’s respon to the same thing. Samovar once cited such an example: Limbs broke as a result of too much snow. Americans think the reason is: The limb was weak. While some Chine think the reason is: The limb was strong. Westerners think that, the breakage of the limb is due to the lack of intensity and hardness that can bear the heavy snow. I t ems common n. While easterners think that it is the exchange of strongness and weakness. As the limb was too strong, and was not easy to bend, being lack of flexibility, which led to the result that more and more snow was accumulated thus, the limb broke last. If the limb can bend under the pressure of heavy snow, the snow will not accumulate to the extent that the limb cannot bear, this is called using flexibility to overcome hardness. The change of notion between strong and weak usually becomes the trap of translation.飞机绘画>姓顾的男孩名字
2 The differences in beliefs and translation
建筑工程承包合同 Except ways of thinking, different cultures have quite different beliefs. The different beliefs can be expresd in languages and deeds directly and indirectly, becoming barrier
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s of translation. For example, there is great different aesthetic appreciation value between Chine and western culture. Lin Daiyu, the traditional character in China, may be thought to be sick person in westerners’ eyes. Many white women in America pursue suntan in every possible way. It is said that in black community, some schools are propagating the aesthetic appreciation value of “Black is beautiful”.
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Beliefs can be divided into experience beliefs, information beliefs, and deduction beliefs.
Direct impression and experience can gain experience beliefs, therefore, it is restricted by regions and social climate. It is said that, French boys can list more than ten kinds of liquor easilY; Boys in Eava Farm of America can u ten different words to call plough. In Arabian language there are hundreds of words relating to camel and its body parts. Eskimos u countless words to describe snow and different forms of snow. Differences in cultural focus usually make translation hard to find a proper word, for example, in Chine culture, which attaches great importance to social relations, “叔叔相对原子质量表” is hard to be translated into English properly. Either we can u the method of undertranslation and tra
nslate it into “uncle”, or we can u the method of descriptive translation, and translate it into “uncle on father’s side and younger than father”. However, neither of the two translations is accurate.
感悟时光 Information beliefs are formed through the influence of media like television and films, public opinions, books, newspaper, and magazines. For example, some people are partial to news reports in some TV station; others may believe Bible to be the source of the right information; therefore, they believe miracles of Jesus Christ. Some others may think that only I Ching can explore the laws of world changing.
Deduction beliefs also have much to do with ways of thinking in different cultures. Some cultures attach importance to intuition, some may attach importance to rationale, and other cultures may put emphasis on experience. In western culture, there is a t of thinking habits bad on Aristotl’s principles. Syllogism and deduction have been the main stream of western culture for more than two thousand of years. While in Chine culture, intuition and the concept of viewing the situation as a whole have great importance in ways of thinking.
