《经济学⼈》赏析：StayAlive-FallingSuicide
本⽂由 现象级英语--经济学⼈第三期共读 第⼆⼩组 完成。标题及1-3段由陈⽟梅完成，4-5段由Becky完成，6-7段由路⼈丁完成，8-9段
由Ada完成，10-12段由灿灿完成。
题图源⾃《The economist》，由Ada修改
这个⽂章的题⽬很直⽩：⾃杀率下降的原因，以及如何将它降的更低。
副标题则对题⽬的问题做了⾼度概括的回答：城市化，更少的强迫性婚姻以及更多的⾃杀⽅式的限制是⾃杀率降低的主要因素。副标题中fewer和more的运⽤，让本句话更具对⽐性。
这篇⽂章从题⽬和副标题⼀⽬了然的知道⽂章是在讲⾃杀⽐率降低原因以及降的更低的⽅法讨论。
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①“YOU KNOW,” says a trader in “Margin Call”, a film about the crash of 2008, as he stands high on a
building above Wall Street, “the feeling that people experience when they stand on the edge like this isn’t the fear of falling—it’s the fear that they might jump.” ②Suicide fascinates us.③ It is at once appalling and yet, in the darkest places in our minds, appealing. ④It is the most damaging sort of death.⑤ A child’s suicide is a parent’s worst nightmare, and a parent’s marks their children for life.⑥ It is a manifestation not just of individual anguish but also of a collective failure: if society is too painful to live in, perhaps we are all culpable.
段落赏析
本段第①句以描述2008年次贷危机的⼀部电影《商海通牒》的台词为开端讲述⾃杀的感受，“有着⾃杀经验的⼈站在悬崖边上他们不害怕坠落的过程，⽽害怕那可能的⼀跳”。②-③表述⾃杀对我们有着吸引⼒，虽骇⼈听闻但那⽆边的⿊暗也有着致命的吸引⼒。④-⑤⾃杀是最具损害性的死亡⽅式：孩⼦的⾃杀是⽗母最可怕的噩梦，⽗母的⾃杀将在孩⼦的⼀⽣留下印记。⑥它不仅是个⼈痛苦的表现，也是群体失败的表现：如果社会让
⼈活得太痛苦，也许我们都是罪魁祸⾸。
没有看过《商海通牒》的电影，但因这篇⽂章的原因去搜索了这部电影的影评，联想到当前经济状况，与2008年那场次贷危机引发的⾦融海啸何其相像，股市崩盘、房市泡沫、消费降级...，也因此被安利了这部电影。这个周⽇可以与《商海通牒》约个会。
词句精读
③It is at once appalling and yet, in the darkest places in our minds, appealing.
appalling 和appealing 既押头韵,⼜押尾韵。
⑥It is a manifestation not just of individual anguish but also of a collective failure。
提炼句型： 不仅....⽽且....
<：One of important thing that we should teach our children is the capacity not just of learning but also of acquisition.
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①The suicide rate in America is up by 18% since 2000. ②This is not merely a tragedy; it matters politically,
too.③ The ri is largely among white, middle-aged, poorly educated men in areas that were left behind by booms and crushed by busts.④ Their deaths are a symptom of troubles to which some e President
Donald Trump as the answer. ⑤Tho troubles should not be ignored.
段落赏析
本段讲述美国⾃杀率⾃2000以来上升了18%。 这不仅是悲剧，更有关于政治。接着阐述了在美国中年、未受过良好教育的⽩⼈男⼠更容易⾃杀，他们这群⼈处在被繁荣抛弃，并陷⼊经济危机的地区。对于那些认为特朗普是答案的⼈来说，这些⼈的死亡是⿇烦的征兆，这些⿇烦是不能被忽视的。
词句精读
be up by：本段的be up by 18% 与第三段的be down by 29% 是⼀组对⽐的数据，美国的⾃杀率上升18%，全球范围内⾃杀率下降了29%.
be up / down by 是经济学⼈较为常⽤的描述数据变化的⽤词,⽤词简洁，是我们在写作的时候应该学习运⽤的。
学做土豆饼e.g.：The sales of Dec of this year is up by 10%, compared to Nov, 2018, but is down by 8%, compared to Dec,2017.
这个⽉的销量⽐上个⽉上升了10%，但⽐去年同期下降了8%。
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①Nonetheless, beyond America’s gloomy trend is a more optimistic story: that at a global level, suicide is
down by 29% since 2000 (e article). ②As a result, 2.8m lives have been saved in that time—three times as many as have been killed in battle. ③There is no one reason. ④It is happening at different
rates among different groups in different places. ⑤But the decline is particularly notable among three ts of people.
段落赏析
第三段说明了全球⾃杀⼈数的变化：相较于美国让⼈沮丧的⾃杀趋势，新闻报道了⼀个更为乐观的事情：⾃2000以来，全球范围的⾃杀率降低了29%。因此，280万⼈的⽣命在这⼀时期被挽救了---这是三倍于在战争中被杀害的⼈数。这并没有⼀个统⼀的原因。在不同的地区，不同的组别⾃杀发⽣的⽐率是不⼀样的。但是这个⽐率的降低主要表现在三类⼈群中。
词句精读
②As a result, 2.8m lives have been saved in that time—three times as many as have been killed in battle.
X times as many as ⼏倍多
<：The exports of our company are five times as many as last year's.
今年公司的出⼝量是去年的5倍。
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①One is young women in China and India. ②In most of the world, older people kill themlves more often
than the young, and men more than women. ③But in China and India, young women have been unusually prone to suicide. ④That is decreasingly the ca. ⑤Another group is middle-aged men in Russia. ⑥After the collap of the Soviet Union, alcoholism and suicide rocketed among them. ⑦Both have now receded.
⑧A third category is old people all around the world. ⑨The suicide rate among the elderly remains, on
average, higher than among the rest of the population, but has also fallen faster since 2000 than among other groups.
段落赏析写给春天的诗
该段承接上⽂，讲述了⾃杀率呈明显下降的三类⼈群：印度和中国的年轻⼥性、俄罗斯的中年男性以及全球⽼龄⼈⼝。
①-④⼏乎全球都是⽼龄⼈⼝的⾃杀⽐率⽐年轻⼈更⾼、男性⾃杀率⼤于⼥性，⽽在中国和印度的年轻⼥性⾃杀倾向更显著，但这种情况正在逐渐减少。
⑤-⑦苏联解体后，俄罗斯中年男性酗酒及⾃杀情况激增，现在则都有所减缓。
⑧⑨平均⽽⾔，⽼龄⼈⼝的⾃杀率仍⾼于其他⼈群，但从2000年以来，其⾃杀率的下降速度⾼于其他⼈群。
词句精读
collap：If something, for example a system or institution, collaps, it fails or comes to an end completely and suddenly.
CET4级词汇。除了坍塌，collap还可以如本⽂⽤作系统或制度等的崩溃、⽡解。既可作名词，也可作动词。
< [n.]：Their economy is teetering on the brink of collap.
他们的经济岌岌可危，正处在崩溃的边缘。
< [v.]：The rural people have been impoverished by a collapsing economy.
经济崩溃使农村地区的⼈们⼀贫如洗。
rocket：If things such as prices or social problems rocket, they increa very quickly and suddenly.
CET4级词汇。rocket本意是⽕箭，延伸成动词飞速、疾驰。本⽂⽤意⾃杀和酗酒这类社会问题急剧增多，也可形容价格飙升，是⼀个⾮常形象的单词。
<：The nation has experienced four years of rocketing crime.
4年来，这个国家的犯罪率急剧上升。
recede：When something such as a quality, problem, or illness recedes, it becomes weaker, smaller, or less inten.
CET6级词汇。recede作为⼀个动词，后退，远离以及本⽂所⽤的减弱，好转都是其常⽤⽤法。然⽽很多⼈并不知道，它还有前额的头发脱落的意思。已经开始担⼼发量问题的90后们可以get起来啦。
我的仙女分身e.g.：...a youngish man with dark hair just beginning
前额⿊发刚开始脱落的年轻⼈
放烟花的由来prone to sth.：The words all describe people or things that are likely to do sth or be affected by sth.
倾向于…；易于做…；容易被…影响
<：Working without a break makes you more prone to error.
不间断的⼯作让⼈更容易犯错。
④That is decreasingly the ca. & ⑦Both have now receded.
作⽂趋势替换⽤句，建议背诵。
⑨The suicide rate among the elderly remains, on average, higher than among the rest of the population, but has also fallen
faster since 2000 than among other groups.
提炼句型：X, on average, higher than XX, but has also fallen faster than XX.
描述统计类写作时可以套⽤。平均⽽⾔，X仍⾼于XX，但其下降速度⾼于XX。
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①Why are the people now less likely to take their own lives? ②Urbanisation and greater freedom have
helped. ③Accounts of tho who attempt suicide, and of the relatives of tho who succeed, suggest that many young Asian women were driven to despair by violent husbands and overbearing in-laws. ④As people move to cities and the grip of tradition loons, women have more choice about whom they marry or live with, making life more bearable. ⑤Leaving the village helps in another way, too. ⑥Becau farming involves killing things, rural folk are likelier to have the means to kill themlves—guns, pesticides—to hand.
段落赏析
该段讲述了⾃杀率下降的原因：城市化和更⾼的⾃由度，从两⽅⾯说明城市化对⾃杀率降低提供了帮助。
①-②即段落主旨，城市化和更⾼的⾃由度对减少⾃杀⾏为很有帮助。
③据试图⾃杀和成功⾃杀者的亲属描述，亚洲⼥性⾃杀主因是家庭暴⼒和婆媳关系。
④随着移居城镇和传统⼒量的减弱，⼥性对于⾃⼰的结婚对象和居住地点有了更多的⾃主权，使得⽣活不再让⼈难以忍受。
⑤⑥从另⼀⽅⾯来说，搬离农村也让枪、杀⾍剂这类致死物不再容易获得。
词句精读
account：An account is a written or spoken report of something that has happened.
CET4级词汇。account常⽤账户，解释、说明，本⽂则是“书⾯或⼝头的记述，描述，陈述，报告”。
<：He gave a detailed account of what happened on the fateful night.
平凡的世界开头
他详细描述了那个灾难性夜晚所发⽣的事。健康家居
drive：The desire or feeling that drives a person to do something, especially something extreme, is the desire or feeling that caus them to do it.
CET4级词汇。drive在本⽂中作动词，驱使，迫使(某⼈做出极端的事情)。
<：More than once, depression drove him to attempt suicide.
抑郁症使他不⽌⼀次地企图⾃杀。
overbearing：An overbearing person tries to make other people do what he or she wants in an unpleasant and forceful way.
傲慢的；专横的；盛⽓凌⼈的；飞扬跋扈的。
in-law：Someone who you are related to by marriage, especially the father or mother of your husband or wife.
姻亲，尤其是结婚对象的⽗母。
rural：Rural places are far away from large towns or cities.
乡村的，农村的，⽥园的
take one's own life：Kill onelf, commit suicide.
⾃杀的同义替换。take life还有⼀个很有趣的句⼦跟⼤家分享下：
Take ten lives, you're a rial killer. Take thousands, you're a war hero.
夺⾛⼗条⽣命，你就是个连环杀⼿。但如果是上千，你倒能成战争英雄了。
the grip of tradition loons：表⽰⼈们并不再拘泥于传统，传统的束缚也放松了。
与grip有关的还有⼀个词组：in the grip of（If a person, group, or place is in the grip of something, they are being verely affected by it.），即受制于；受…的深刻影响。
<：Britain is still in the grip of recession.
英国依然没有摆脱经济衰退。飘读后感
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①Social stability is also a factor. ②In the turbulence that followed the collap of the Soviet Union, many
middle-aged people saw their sources of income and status collap. ③Unemployed people kill themlves at around two-and-a-half times the rate of tho in work. ④The financial crash of 2007-08 and the
resulting recessions are reckoned to have caud an extra 10,000 or so suicides in America and western Europe. ⑤As cris recede and employment ris, so suicide tends to ebb. ⑥And falling poverty rates
among the old, which have declined faster than among other groups globally, are reckoned to have
contributed to the drop in the number of elderly suicides.
段落赏析
①是⽤“also”来承上启下，并且直接点出了这段话的中⼼思想：⾃杀率⾼低跟社会稳不稳定有关系。②③从政治层⾯举例：随着苏联解体，那些失业的⾃杀率是在职的的2.5倍。④则从经济层⾯来说明：在欧美的07-08的⾦融危机，⾃杀数攀升。⑤则跟②③④反⾯即社会环境稳定下说明：后来在危机减弱加上就业率的攀升的情况，⾃杀也消退。⑥则从⽼年⼈这个群体来说明：随着贫困率的降低下，⽼年⼈的⾃杀情况也急剧好转。
词句精读
④The financial crash of 2007-08 and the resulting recessions are reckoned to have caud an extra 10,000 or so suicides
in America and western Europe.
reckon：在这句话⾥，“reckon”表⽰“认为…；把…当作”。
<：The sale has been held up becau the price is reckoned to be too high.
销售陷⼊停滞，因为⼤家认为价格太⾼了。
菜米饭
⑤As cris recede and employment ris, so suicide tends to ebb.
recede：在这⾥，recede表⽰“问题或疾病等逐渐减弱，好转”。
e.g：Just as people started to think that he was never going to get well, his illness began to recede.
正当⼈们开始觉得他永远都好不了了的时候，他的病开始好转了。
ebb：ebb的英⽂释义是: fig. To take a backward or downward cour; to decay, decline; to fade or waste away。它的原义是“退潮”，引申为“减弱；减退”。
