2022年托福阅读练习题及答案（2篇）
再从 托福阅读考试时间：1个小时(遇加试时，时间为1个小时40分钟)。
阅读部分包括3篇文章，每篇650至750个单词，每篇对应11至13道试题。题目类型包括：图表题，篇章总结题(从给出的选项中选择能够概括文章内容的句子)，变换措辞题，词汇题(在肯定的上下文中)，指代关系题，简化句子题，插入文本题，事实信息题，推断题，修辞目的题以及否定排解题(例如，下列各项均正确除……之外)。在完成答题的过程中，考生可以使用“复查”功能瞬间找出没有回答的题目，而不必每道题都过一遍。
PASSAGE 1
By the mid-nineteenth century, the term icebox had entered the American language, but icewas still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice
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tradegrew with the growth of cities. Ice was ud in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by someforward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War (1861-1865),as ice was ud to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into houhold u. Even before 1880, halfthe ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston andChicago, went to families for their own u. This had become possible becau a new houholdconvenience, the icebox, a precursor of the modern refrigerator, had been invented.
Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppo. In the early nineteenthcentury, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was esntial to a science of refrigeration,was rudimentary. The commonn notion that the best icebox was one that prevented the icefrom melting was of cour mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling.Nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included wrapping the ice in blankets, which kept theice from doing its job. Not until near t
he end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve thedelicate balance of insulation and circulation needed for an efficient icebox.
But as early as 1803, an ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been on the righttrack. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the villageof Georgetown was the market center. When he ud an icebox of his own design to transport hisbutter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs ofhis competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-poundbricks. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have totravel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The influence of ice on the diet
(B) The development of refrigeration
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(C) The transportation of goods to market
(D) Sources of ice in the nineteenth century
2. According to the passage , when did the word icebox become part of the language of the United States?
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(A) in 1803
(B) sometime before 1850
(C) during the civil war
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(D) near the end of the nineteenth century
3. The phra forward-looking in line 4 is clost in meaning to 半阳
(A) progressive 绿萝的简笔画
(B) popular
(C) thrifty
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(D) well-established
4. The author mentions fish in line 4 becau
(A) many fish dealers also sold ice
(B) fish was shipped in refrigerated freight cars
(C) fish dealers were among the early commercial urs of ice
