38.3 Lithium metal and lithium ion batteries
38.3.1 Purpo
This ction prents the procedures to be followed for the classification of lithium metal and lithium ion cells and batteries (e UN Nos. 3090, 3091, 3480 and 3481, and the applicable special provisions of Chapter 3.3 of the Model Regulations).
38.3.2 Scope
38.3.2.1 All cell types shall be subjected to tests T.1 to T.6 and T.8. All non-rechargeable battery types, including tho compod of previously tested cells, shall be subjected to tests T.1 to T.5. All rechargeable battery types, including tho compod of previously tested cells, shall be subjected to tests T.1 to T.5 and T.7. In addition, rechargeable single cell batteries with overcharge protection shall be subjected to test T.7.
A component cell that is not transported parately from the battery it is part of needs only to be tested according to tests T.6 and T.8. A component cell that is transported parately from the battery shall be subjected to tests T.1 to T.6 and T.8. A cell or battery that is an integral part of the equipment it is intend
ed to power that is transported only when installed in the equipment, may be tested in accordance with the applicable tests when installed in the equipment.
38.3.2.2 Lithium metal and lithium ion cells and batteries shall be subjected to the tests, as required by special provisions 188 and 230 of Chapter 3.3 of the Model Regulations prior to the transport of a particular cell or battery type. Cells or batteries which differ from a tested type by:
(a) For primary cells and batteries, a change of more than 0.1 g or 20 % by mass, whichever
is greater, to the cathode, to the anode, or to the electrolyte;
(b) For rechargeable cells and batteries, a change in nominal energy in Watt-hours of more
than 20 % or an increa in nominal voltage of more than 20 %; or
(c) A change that would lead to failure of any of the tests,
shall be considered a new type and shall be subjected to the required tests.
NOTE: The type of change that might be considered to differ from a tested type, such that it might lead to failure of any of the test results, may include, but is not limited to:
(a) A change in the material of the anode, the cathode, the parator or the electrolyte;
(b) A change of protective devices, including hardware and software;
(c) A change of safety design in cells or batteries, such as a venting valve;
(d) A change in the number of component cells;
(e) A change in connecting mode of component cells; and
(f) For batteries which are to be tested according to T.4 with a peak acceleration less than
150 g n, a change in the mass which could adverly impact the result of the T.4 test and
lead to a failure.
In the event that a cell or battery type does not meet one or more of the test requirements, steps shall be taken to correct the deficiency or deficiencies that caud the failure before such cell or battery type is retested.
38.3.2.3 For the purpos of classification, the following definitions apply:
春风十里吉他谱Aggregate lithium content means the sum of the grams of lithium content contained by the cells comprising a battery.
Battery means two or more cells or batteries which are electrically connected together and fitted with devices necessary for u, for example, ca, terminals, marking or protective devices. Units which have two or more cells that are commonly referred to as "battery packs", "modules" or "battery asmblies" having the primary function of providing a source of power to another piece of equipment are for the purpos of the Model Regulations and this Manual treated as batteries. See definitions for "cell" and "single cell battery".excel怎么设置密码
Button cell or battery means a round small cell or battery when the overall height is less than the diameter.
Cell means a single encad electrochemical unit (one positive and one negative electrode) which exhibits a voltage differential across its two terminals, and may contain protective devices. See definitions for battery and single cell battery.
Component cell means a cell contained in a battery. A component cell is not to be considered a single cell battery.
Cycle means one quence of fully charging and fully discharging a rechargeable cell or battery.
Disasmbly means a rupture of the cell or battery ca where solid components are ejected.
NOTE:During cell or component cell testing, ejection of internal components is acceptable. Energy of ejected components shall be limited and can be measured as follows:
(a) it will not penetrate a wire mesh screen (annealed aluminium wire with a diameter of
0.25 mm and grid density of 6 to 7 wires per cm) placed 25 cm away from the cell; or
(b) It can be measured by a method demonstrated to be equivalent to the one described in
sub-paragraph (a) above.
Effluent means a liquid or gas relead when a cell or battery vents or leaks.
Fire means that flames are emitted from the test cell or battery.
First cycle means the initial cycle following completion of all manufacturing process.
Fully charged means a rechargeable cell or battery which has been electrically charged to its design rated capacity.
Fully discharged means either:
a primary cell or battery which has been electrically discharged to remove 100 % of its rated
capacity; or
a rechargeable cell or battery which has been electrically discharged to its endpoint voltage as
specified by the manufacturer.
Large battery means a lithium metal battery or lithium ion battery with a gross mass of more than 12 kg.
Large cell means a cell with a gross mass of more than 500 g.
金刚结手链Leakage means the visible escape of electrolyte or other material from a cell or battery or the loss of material (except battery casing, handling devices or labels) from a cell or battery such that the loss of mass exceeds the values in Table 38.3.1.
Lithium content is applied to lithium metal and lithium alloy cells and batteries, and for a cell means the mass of lithium in the anode of a lithium metal or lithium alloy cell, which for a primary cell is measured when the cell is in an undischarged state and for a rechargeable cell is measured when the cell is fully charged. The lithium content of a battery equals the sum of the grams of lithium content contained in the component cells of the battery.
Lithium ion cell or battery means a rechargeable electrochemical cell or battery in which the positive and negative electrodes are both intercalation compounds (intercalated lithium exists in an ionic or quasi-atomic form with the lattice of the electrode material) constructed with no metallic lithium in either electrode.
A lithium polymer cell or battery that us lithium ion chemistries, as described herein, is regulated as a lithium ion cell or battery.
Mass loss means a loss of mass that exceeds the values in Table 38.3.1 below.
Table 38.3.1: Mass loss limit
Mass M of cell or battery Mass loss limit
M < 1 g 0.5 %
1 g g 0.
2 %
M > 75 g 0.1 %
Nominal energy or Watt-hour rating, expresd in watt-hours, means the energy value of a cell or battery determined under specified conditions and declared by the manufacturer. The nominal energy is calculated by multiplying nominal voltage by rated capacity expresd in ampere-hours.
Nominal voltage means the approximate value of the voltage ud to designate or identify a cell or battery. Open circuit voltage means the voltage across the terminals of a cell or battery when no external current is flowing.
Primary cell or battery means a cell or battery which is not designed to be electrically charged or recharged. Prismatic cell or battery means a cell or battery who ends are similar, equal and parallel rectilinear figures, and who sides are parallelograms.
Protective devices means devices such as fus, diodes and current limiters which interrupt the current flow, block the current flow in one direction or limit the current flow in an electrical circuit.
Rated capacity means the capacity, in ampere-hours or milliampere-hours, of a cell or battery as measured by subjecting it to a load, temperature and voltage cut-off point specified by the manufacturer.
NOTE: The following IEC standards provide guidance and methodology for determining the rated capacity:
(1) IEC 61960 (First Edition 2003-12) : Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline
or other non-acid electrolytes – Secondary lithium cells and batteries for portable
applications;
(2) IEC 62133 (First Edition 2002-10): Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline
or other non-acid electrolytes – Safety requirements for portable aled condary cells,
白骨露于野and for batteries made from them, for u in portable applications;
(3) IEC 62660-1 (First Edition 2011-01): Secondary lithium-ion cells for the propulsion of
electric road vehicles – Part 1: Performance testing.
Rechargeable cell or battery means a cell or battery which is designed to be electrically recharged. Rupture means the mechanical failure of a cell container or battery ca induced by an internal or external cau, resulting in exposure or spillage but not ejection of solid materials.
Short circuit means a direct connection between positive and negative terminals of a cell or battery that provides a virtual zero resistance path for current flow.
Single cell battery means a cell externally fitted with devices necessary for u in equipment or another battery which it is designed to power, for example protective devices. See definitions for cell and battery.
NOTE: A single cell battery is considered a "cell" and shall be tested according to the testing requirements for "cells" for the purpos of the Model Regulations and this Manual.
Small battery means a lithium metal battery or lithium ion battery with a gross mass of not more than 12 kg. Small cell means a cell with a gross mass of not more than 500 g.
劳德容Type means a particular electrochemical system and physical design of cells or batteries.
Undischarged means a primary cell or battery that has not been wholly or partly discharged.
Venting means the relea of excessive internal pressure from a cell or battery in a manner intended by design to preclude rupture or disasmbly.
Watt-hour rating, e Nominal energy.
38.3.3 When a cell or battery type is to be tested under this sub-ction, the number and condition of cells and batteries of each type to be tested are as follows:
限韩令(a) When testing primary cells and batteries under tests T.1 to T.5 the following shall be
tested in the quantity indicated:
(i) ten cells in undischarged states;
(ii) ten cells in fully discharged states;
(iii) four small batteries in undischarged states;
(iv) four small batteries in fully discharged states;
(v) four large batteries in undischarged states; and
(vi) four large batteries in fully discharged states.
(b) When testing rechargeable cells and batteries under tests T.1 to T.5 the following shall
be tested in the quantity indicated:
(i) five cells at first cycle, in fully charged states;
(ii) five cells after 25 cycles ending in fully charged states;
(iii) four small batteries at first cycle, in fully charged states;
(iv) four small batteries after 25 cycles ending in fully charged states;
(v) two large batteries at first cycle, in fully charged states; and
(vi) two large batteries after 25 cycles ending in fully charged states.
(c) When testing primary and rechargeable cells under test T.6, the following shall be tested
in the quantity indicated:
(i) for primary cells, five cells in undischarged states and five cells in fully
discharged states;
(ii) for component cells of primary batteries, five cells in undischarged states and five cells in fully discharged states;
(iii) for rechargeable cells, five cells at first cycle at 50 % of the design rated capacity and five cells after 25 cycles ending at 50 % of the design rated capacity; and (iv) for component cells of rechargeable batteries, five cells at first cycle at 50 % of the design rated capacity and five cells after 25 cycles ending at 50 % of the
design rated capacity.
(d) When testing rechargeable batteries or rechargeable single cell batteries under test T.7,
实力英文the following shall be tested in the quantity indicated:
(i) four small batteries at first cycle, in fully charged states;
(ii) four small batteries after 25 cycles ending in fully charged states;
(iii) two large batteries at first cycle, in fully charged states; and
封一(iv) two large batteries after 25 cycles ending in fully charged states.
Batteries or single cell batteries not equipped with battery overcharge protection that are designed for u only as a component in another battery or in equipment, which affords such protection, are not subject to the requirements of this test.
(e) When testing primary and rechargeable cells and component cells under test T.8, the
following shall be tested in the quantity indicated:
(i) ten primary cells in fully discharged states;
(ii) ten primary component cells in fully discharged states;
(iii) ten rechargeable cells, at first cycle in fully discharged states;
(iv) ten rechargeable component cells, at first cycle in fully discharged states;
(v) ten rechargeable cells after 25 cycles ending in fully discharged states; and
(vi) ten rechargeable component cells after 25 cycles ending in fully discharged states.
