考研英语二（阅读）模拟试卷16 (题后含答案及解析)
全部题型 2. Reading Comprehension
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)
Why is it that most of us can remember our preci surroundings the moment that we first learned of John Fitzgerald Kennedy’s assassination, the Challenger explosion or the fall of the Twin Towers, but not say, what grocery aisle we were standing in when the phone call came to remind us to pick up milk? What is it about the timing—or more specifically, the coincidence with inten experience—that als in visual memories more effectively? That’s the question that a new study from psychologists at the University of Washington t out to answer. The study, published online recently in the open-access journal PLoS Biology included a ries of four experiments. In each experiment, which included distinct p
articipants, Jeffrey Y. Lin and colleagues showed study subjects 16 photographs depicting familiar landscapes. The first time, participants merely looked at the images; the cond time, they were also asked to focus on a number shown in the middle of the image; the third time, they also had to make note of an auditory cue as they looked at the images; and finally, they were shown images with a number in the middle, but told to ignore the number and focus only on the scene depicted. Rearchers found that, when shown an image later and asked to recall if it had been among tho they’d already en, subjects’ memory formation was consistently best when they had also been trying to concentrate on another task in both the cond and third experiments, which involved viewing numbers or hearing audio tones while the images were prented, subjects formed clearer memories than in the first experiment—when they were simply instructed to look at the photos—and than in the fourth experiment—when they were shown numbers in the center of photos, but told to ignore them and focus on the images themlves. The findings suggest that it isn’t the novelty of what we’re eing, but the experience that we are having while we look at something, that determines how well we s
tore it away in our memories. Or, as the authors phra it, the study results provide “evidence of a mechanism where traces of a visual scene are automatically encoded into memory at behaviorally relevant points in time regardless of the spatial focus of attention.” When it comes to making memories, timing is of the esnce.
1． The questions at the beginning of the text are intended to _____.
A．describe a confusing phenomenon
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B．show the complexity of our memory
C．draw forth the topic of this text
D．support the argument of the author
正确答案：C
解析：题干的questions指第一段前两句提出的问题，这两个问题可概括为“我们为什么能够清楚地记得某些情况，却不记得另一些情况?”和“什么样的时机会加深记忆?”。第一段末句则指出第二个问题是某项研究的研究话题，第二段紧接着介绍了这项研究，所以可推知，这些问题是为了引出本文要讨论的话题，由此可判断C项符合题意。 知识模块：阅读A节
2． Which of the followings is true of the study mentioned in this text?
A．It was conducted by some anthropologists.
B．It studied the steps of memory formation.
C．Its conclusion was bad on veral experiments.国外伦理
D．Its findings overturned many previous rearches.
正确答案：C
解析：四个选项均与研究的基本信息相关。第二段详细说明了实验进行的方式和内容，其中①句说到该研究包括四组实验，而根据第三、第四段的“In both the cond and third experiments”“in the first experiment”“in the fourth experiment”等字眼可知，研究人员发现的结果(findings)是来自于这四组测验，C项所说的该研究建立在几组实验的基础上与文意相吻合，故C项正确。 知识模块：阅读A节
3． The study shows that people remember a thing better when they_____..
A．concentrate on other things meanwhile
B．strive to remember that thing
C．are strongly attracted by it
D．repeat it constantly in mind
正确答案：A
解析：本题询问人们能更好记住事件的条件，这正是文中研究的结果，文中第三段为研究的结论，与本题相关。其中该段①句总结说到，研究发现如果看图的同时精力还集中于另一任务(concentrate on another task)，参与者的记忆往往更加清晰，接着②句进一步阐述此观点在这一研究中的具体表现和反映，即“同时需关注数字或记下声音提示的实验参与者记忆更清晰”，A项的观点与此不谋而合，故A项正确。 知识模块：阅读A节
小儿垂钓4． It is implied in Paragraph 4 that how well the memory is stored depends on _____.
A．timing of the thing
B．the level of newness of the thing
C．the related experience to the thing
D．the traces of the visual scene
正确答案：A
解析：根据题干可直接定位到第四段。该段①句说实验表明我们能否记住某事取决于看到某事时的经历(the experience that we are having)，最后一句则总结说“时机是非常重要的”，A项复现了末句的timing，也与①句所述对应，故可确定A项为本题答案。 知识模块：阅读A节
5． Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?
A．Timing is critical to memory formation.
B．Memory can be manipulated for our good.结交的英文
C．People tend to remember big events better.
D．It’s better to remember two things than one.
正确答案：A
百米决赛解析：这道题目需要通观全文，总结性的观点一般出现在文章的开头或者结尾。这篇文章
的开头即引出了文章的主题，那么概括的部分应在文章的末尾，所以定位在最后一段。文中最后一句谈到“就能否形成记忆来说，时机是至关重要的”，A项中的memory formation对应该句中的making memories，而is critical to“是……的关键”则与文中的of the esnce“非常重要的”相吻合，故A项为正确答案。 知识模块：阅读A节
Encouragement and prai can come in many forms, and some ways are better for child development than others. Rearchers at the University of Chicago and Stanford University who studied mother-child interactions over the cour of veral years found that the type of prai children receive affects their attitudes toward challenges later in life. Specifically, prai that came with feedback about their behavior and the choices that toddlers made helped them to cope better with difficult experiences five years later, compared with compliments that focud more on the child himlf, like “You’re a good boy.” The study, which appears in the journal Child Development, is the first major study of prai and childhood development done outside of a lab tting. In the study, rearches found that the children who grew up with more process prai (comments such as “You worked really hard” or “You’re doing a great job,” which emphasize the child
’s actions.) were more open to challenge, and were able to identify more ways of overcoming difficult problems. They were also more likely to say that they could improve their intelligence with hard work. While person prai (comments like “You’分类汇总re so smart” or “You’re so good,” which focus on a child’s inherent qualities.) didn’t em to have any negative effect on the children, the study suggests that process prai teaches children that their talents and abilities can be developed and improved, while person prai nds the message that their abilities are fixed and therefore not easily altered. “This study is monumental,茧蛹的做法” says Carol Dweck, a co-author of the study and a professor at Stanford University who earlier rearch laid the foundation for understanding the role of prai in child development. Another revelation from the study involved how prai affects boys and girls differently. Parents gave boys and girls the same amount of prai, but of the encouragement boys received, 24% was process prai, while girls received only 10% of this type. Previous rearch suggested this pattern, but Gunderson, an assistant professor of psychology at Temple University, says she was surprid by how great the difference was. The inequality could have conquences for how girls evaluate their abiliti
es as they progress in school and may play a role in aggravating some of the lf-esteem issues that become more common among teens and adolescents. The findings nd a clear message to parents. “The biggest takeaway is that parent prai matters,” Dweck says. “The parents, even when the children are very young, are starting to shape the child’s motivation, the children’s attitudes toward themlves and their stance to the world.” Not all prai, it ems, is equal.
6． It can be learned from the first two paragraphs that _____.
A．the more prai children receive, the better
B．prai of different types has different effects
C．prai plays a major role in childhood development
D．prai can help children deal with hardship better
正确答案：B
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解析：根据题干可直接定位到第一、第二段。第一段①句开门见山，指出鼓励和表扬有多种方式，而且对孩子的发展影响不同。第二段开头的Specifically一词表明第二段是对第一段的具体说明，进一步指出具体某种表扬方式能让孩子日后更好地处理困难情况，故确定B项正确。 知识模块：阅读A节
7． We can infer from Paragraph 3 that _____.
A．children with more person prai develop better than otherwi
B．process prai is temporary while person prai is permanent
C．person prai like “you are so smart” should be completely avoided
D．process prai has more positive effects on children than person prai
正确答案：D
解析：根据题干可直接定位到第三段。该段详细讲述了研究的结果，对比了process prai“行为表扬”及person prai“个人表扬”的影响。该段前两句提到，受到行为表扬多的孩子，更敢于应对挑战，应对困难的方法也更多，也更有可能认为他们可以通过努力来提升智力，这些是person prai所没有的，故D项的概括正确。 知识模块：阅读A节
