2005年~2009年阅读理解第二部分
2005年
Part B
Directions:
In the following text,some ntences have been removed.For Questions41-45,choo the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks.There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)
Canada’s premiers(the leaders of provincial governments),if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting,might spare a moment to do something,together,to reduce health-care costs.
They’re all groaning about soaring health budgets,the fastest-growing component of which are pharmaceutical costs.
(41)____________
What to do?Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care—to say nothing of reports from other experts—recommended the creation of a national drug agency. Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs,bureaucracy,procedures and limited bargaining power,all would pool resources,work with Ottawa,and create a national institution.
(42)_____________
But“national”doesn’t have to mean that.“National”could mean interprovincial—provinces combining efforts to create one body.
Either way,one benefit of a“national”organization would be to negotiate better prices,if possible,with drug manufacturers.Instead of having one province—or a ries of hospitals within a province—negotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list,the national agency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces.
Rather than,say,Quebec,negotiating on behalf of ven million people,the national agency would negotiate on behalf of31million people.Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers,the higher the likelihood of a better price.
(43)_____________
人间有味是清欢
A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Co-ordinating Office for Health Technology Asssment,funded by Ottawa and the provinces.Under it,a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs should be included.Predictably,and regrettably,Quebec refud to join.
A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making.They(particularly Quebec and Alberta)just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few,if any,strings attached. That’s one reason why the idea of a national list hasn’t gone anywhere,while drug costskeep rising fast.傲娇的女孩子特征
(44)_____________
Premiers love to quote Mr.Romanow’s report lectively,especially the parts about more federal money.Perhaps they should read what he had to say about drugs:“A national drug agency would provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to constrain the ever-increasing cost of drugs.”
(45)_____________
So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to asmble their usual complaint list,they should also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction that would help their budgets and patients.
[A]Quebec’s resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology.One of the first advocates for a national list was a rearcher at Laval University.Quebec’s Drug Insurance Fund has en its costs skyrocket with annual increas from14.3per cent to26.8per cent! [B]Or they could read Mr.Kirby’s report:“the substantial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the public prescription-drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purcha prices from drug companies.”
[C]What does“national”mean?Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended a federal-provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council.保皇规则
红牛老板[D]The problem is simple and stark:health-care costs have been,are,and will continue to increa faster than government revenues.
[E]According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information,prescription drug costs have rin since1997at twice the rate of overall health-care spending.Part of the increa comes from drugs being ud to replace other kinds of treatments.Part of it aris from new drugs costing more than older kinds.Part of it is higher prices.
[F]So,if the provinces want to run the health-care show,they should prove they can run it, starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication,save administrative costs, prevent one pr
ovince from being played off against another,and bargain for better drug prices.
[G]Of cour,the pharmaceutical companies will scream.They like divided buyers;they can lobby better that way.They can u the threat of removing jobs from one province to another. They can hope that,if one province includes a drug on its list,the pressure will cau others toinclude it on theirs.They wouldn’t like a national agency,but lf-interest would lead them to deal with it.
2006年
Part B
Directions:
In the following article,some ntences have been removed.For Questions41-45,choo the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of numbered gaps.There are two extra choices,which you do not need to u.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points) On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville,Ind.,home of David Williams,52,and of a riverboat casino(a place where gambling games are played).During veral years of
gambling in that casino,Williams,a state auditor earning$35,000a year,lost approximately $175,000.
He had never gambled before the casino nt him a coupon for$20worth of gambling.
He visited the casino,lost the$20and left.On his cond visit he lost$800.The casino issued to him,as a good customer,a“Fun Card”,which when ud in the casino earns points for meals and drinks,and enables the casino to track the ur’s gambling activities.For Williams, the activities become what he calls“electronic heroin”.爱的观点
(41)________.In1997he lost$21,000to one slot machine in two days.In March1997he lost $72,186.He sometimes played two slot machines at a time,all night,until the boat docked ,then went back aboard when the casino Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refud his patronage becau it knew he was addicted.It did know he had a problem.
In March1998a friend of Williams’s got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions,and wrote to inform the casino of Williams’s gambling problem.The casino included a photo of Williams among tho of banned gamblers,and wrote to him a“cea admissions”letter.Noting the“medical/psychological”nature of problem gambling behavior, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to prent medical/psychological infor
mation demonstrating that patronizing the casino would po no threat to his safety or well-being.
(42)________.
The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has24signs warning:“Enjoy and always bet with your head,not over it.”Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health.Nevertheless,Williams’s suit charges that the casino,knowing he was“helplessly addicted to gambling,”intentionally worked to“lure”him to“engage in conduct against his will.”Well.
(43)________.
The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling”involves persistent,recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.
(44)________.Pushed by science,or what claims to be science,society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.
(45)________.
Forty-four states have lotteries,29have casinos,and most of the states are to varying degrees dependent on—you might say addicted to—revenues from wagering.And since the first Internet gambling site was created in1995,competition for gamblers’dollars has become inten.The Oct.28issue of Newsweek reported that2million gamblers patronize1,800virtual
casinos every week.With$3.5billion being lost on Internet wagers this year,gambling has pasd pornography as the Web’s most profitable business.
[A]Although no such evidence was prented,the casino’s marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings.And he entered the casino and ud his Fun Card without being detected.
[B]It is unclear what luring was required,given his compulsive behavior.And in what n was his will operative?
[C]By the time he had lost$5,000he said to himlf that if he could get back to even,he would quit.One night he won$5,500,but he did not quit.
[D]Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever,but for a long time it was broadly c
onsidered a sin,or a social dia.Now it is a social policy:the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.
[E]David Williams’s suit should trouble this gambling nation.But don’t bet on it.
[F]It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems,often defining as addictions what earlier,sterner generations explained as weakness of will.
[G]The anonymous,lonely,undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conducive to compulsive behavior.But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?
2007年
Part B
Directions:
You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are suppod to do to guide their children into adulthood.Choo a heading from the list A-G that best fits the meaning of each nu
mbered part of the text(41-45).The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered.There are two extra headings that you do not need to u.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)
[A]Set a Good Example for Your Kids
[B]Build Your Kids’Work Skills
[C]Place Time Limits on Leisure Activities
[D]Talk about the Future on a Regular Basis
[E]Help Kids Develop Coping Strategies
[F]Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They Are
[G]Build Your Kids’Sen of Responsibility
How Can a Parent Help?
most anything el instead of writing has ended.The first draft will appear on the page only if you stop avoiding the inevitable and sit,stand up,or lie down to write.
(41)_______________.查毒
Be flexible.Your outline should smoothly conduct you from one point to the next,but do not permit it to railroad you.If a relevant and important idea occurs to you now,work it into the draft.(42)_______________.Grammar,punctuation,and spelling can wait until you revi. Concentrate on what you are saying.Good writing most often occurs when you are in hot pursuit of an idea rather than in a nervous arch for errors.
(43)_______________.Your pages will be easier to keep track of that way,and,if you have to clip a paragraph to place it elwhere,you will not lo any writing on either side.
If you are working on a word processor,you can take advantage of its capacity to make additions and deletions as well as move entire paragraphs by making just a few simple keyboard commands.Some software programs can also check spelling and certain grammatical elements in your writing.(44)_______________.The printouts are also easier to read than the screen when you work on revisions.
Once you have a first draft on paper,you can delete material that is unrelated to your thesis and add material necessary to illustrate your points and make your paper convincing.The student who wrote“存钱计划
The A&P as a State of Mind”wily dropped a paragraph that questioned whether Sammy displays chauvinistic attitudes toward women.(45)_______________.
Remember that your initial draft is only that.You should go through the paper many times—and then again—working to substantiate and clarify your ideas.You may even end up with veral entire versions of the paper.Rewrite.The ntences within each paragraph should be related to a single topic.Transitions should connect one paragraph to the next so that there are no abrupt or confusing shifts.Awkward or wordy phrasing or unclear ntences and paragraphs should be mercilessly poked and prodded into shape.
[A]To make revising easier,leave wide margins and extra space between lines so that you can easily add words,ntences and corrections.Write on only one side of the paper.
[B]After you have already and adequately developed the body of your paper,pay particular attention to the introductory and concluding paragraphs.It’s probably best to write the introduction last,after you know precily what you are introducing.Concluding paragraphs demand equal attention becau they leave the reader with a final impression.
[C]It’s worth remembering,however,that though a clean copy fresh off a printer may look terrible,it will
read only as well as the thinking and writing that have gone into it.Many writers prudently store their data on disks and print their pages each time they finish a draft to avoid losing any material becau of power failures or other problems.
多元化经营[D]It makes no difference how you write,just so you do.Now that you have developed a topic into a tentative thesis,you can asmble your notes and begin to flesh out whatever outline you have made.
