张仁里宏观经济名词解释
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跨越百年1.deflation: A falling aggregate price level is deflation
2.stagflation: inflation and falling aggregate output
3.automatic stabilizers: automatic stabilizers are government spending and taxation rules that
cau fiscal policy to be expansionary when the economy contracts and contractionary when the economy expands.
4.Fiat money: is a medium of exchange who value derives entirely from its official status as a
means of payment.
5.Bank run: is a phenomenon in which many of a bank’s depositors try to withdraw their funds考研准考证号
due to fears of a bank failure.
6.Deposit insurance: guarantees that a bank’s depositors will be paid even if the bank can’t
come up with the funds, up to a maximum amount per account
7.Open-market operation: is a purcha or sale of government debt by the Fed.
8.Natural rate of unemployment: is the normal unemployment rate around which the actual
unemployment rate fluctuates.
9.Menu costs: are small costs associated with the act of changing prices.高中生的玩物
10.Inflation tax” is the reduction in the value of money held by the public caud by inflation.
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11.The shoe-leather costs: the shoe-leather costs of inflation are the incread costs of making
transactions that ari from the public’s efforts to avoid the inflation tax.
12.The unit-of-account costs: the unit-of-account costs of inflation are the costs arising from the
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way inflation makes money a less reliable unit of measurement.
祝早日康复13.Liquidity trap” is a situation in which monetary policy can’t be ud becau nominal interest
rates cannot fall below zero.
14.Hyperinflation: is inflation that is very high or "out of control".
