2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)真题
Section I U of English
Directions:
Read the following text.Choo the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)冷藏冰箱
Could a hug a day keep the doctor away?The answer may be a resounding“yes!”1helping you feel clo and2to people you care about,it turns out that hugs can bring a3of health benefits to your body and mind.Believe it or not,a warm embrace might even help you4getting sick this winter.
In a recent study5over400healthy adults,rearchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs6the participants’susceptibility to developing the common cold after being7to the virus.People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come8with a cold,and the rearchers9that the stress-reducing effects of hugging10about32percent of that beneficial effect.11among tho who got a cold,the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less vere12.
“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the13risk for colds that’s usually14with stress,”notes Sheldon Cohen,a professor of psychology at Carnegie.Hugging“is a marker of intimacy and helps15the feeling that others are there to help16difficulty.”
Some experts17the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the relea of oxytocin,often called“the bonding hormone”18it promotes attachment in relationships,including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain,and some of it is relead into the bloodstream.But some of it19in the brain,where it20mood,behavior and physiology.
1.[A]Unlike[B]Besides[C]Throughout[D]Despite
2.[A]equal[B]restricted[C]connected[D]inferior
3.[A]host[B]view[C]lesson[D]choice
4.[A]recall[B]forget[C]avoid[D]keep
5.[A]collecting[B]affecting[C]guiding[D]involving
6.[A]on[B]in[C]at[D]of
7.[A]devoted[B]expod[C]lost[D]attracted
8.[A]across[B]along[C]down[D]out
9.[A]imagined[B]denied[C]doubted[D]calculated
10.[A]rved[B]explained[C]restored[D]required
11.[A]Thus[B]Still[C]Rather[D]Even
12.[A]defeats[B]symptoms[C]errors[D]tests
13.[A]highlighted[B]minimized[C]controlled[D]incread
14.[A]associated[B]equipped[C]prented[D]compared
15.[A]asss[B]moderate[C]generate[D]record
16.[A]in the face of[B]in the form of[C]in the way of[D]in the name of
17.[A]attribute[B]commit[C]transfer[D]return
18.[A]unless[B]becau[C]though[D]until
19.[A]emerges[B]vanishes[C]remains[D]decreas
20.[A]experiences[B]combines[C]justifies[D]influences
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)
Text1
First two hours,now three hours—this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight,at least at some major U.S.airports with increasingly massive curity lines.
北京到山西
Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming curity procedures in return for incread safety.The crash of Egypt Air Flight804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea,provides another tragic reminder of why.But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little curity in return undermines public support for the process.And it should:Wasted time is a drag on Americans’economic and private lives,not to mention infuriating.
Last year,the Transportation Security Administration(TSA)found in a cret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons—both fake and real—past airport curity nearly every time they tried.Enhanced curity measures since then,combined with a ri in airline travel due to the improving
economy and low oil prices,have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago’s O’Hare International.It is not yet clear how much more effective airline curity has become—but the lines are obvious.
Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increa in airline travel,so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line.Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes.Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees,though the airlines strongly dispute this.
There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire:Enroll more people in the PreCheck program.PreCheck is suppod to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA.Pasngers who pass a background check are eligible to u expedited screening lanes.This allows the TSA to focus on travellers who are higher risk,saving time for everyone involved.The TSA wants to enroll25million people in PreCheck.
It has not gotten anywhere clo to that,and one big reason is sticker shock.：Pasngers must pay$85every five years to process their background checks.Since the beginning,this price tag has been PreCheck’s fatal flaw.Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level.But Congress should look into doing so directly,by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.
The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underud PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines.It is long past time to make the program work.
21.The crash of Egypt Air Flight804is mentioned to___________.
[A]stress the urgency to strengthen curity worldwide.[B]explain Americans’tolerance of current curity checks.
[C]highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S airports.[D]emphasis the importance of privacy protection.
22.Which of the following contributions to long waits at major airport?
[A]New restrictions on carry-on bags.[B]The declining efficiency of the TSA.
[C]An increa in the number of travelers.[D]Frequent unexpected cret checks.
23.The word“expedited”(Line4,Para.5)is clost in meaning to___________.
[A]quieter.[B]faster.[C]wider.[D]cheaper.
24.One problem with the PreCheck program is___________.
[A]A dramatic reduction of its scale.[B]Its wrongly-directed implementation.
[C]The government’s reluctance to back it.[D]An unreasonable price for enrollment.
25.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
行政助理的工作内容[A]Getting Stuck in Security Lines[B]PreCheck—a Belated Solution
[C]Less Screening for More Safety[D]Underud PreCheck Lanes
Text2
陆金所可靠吗“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,”wrote Queen Liliuokalani,Hawaii’s last reigning monarch,in1897.Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society.Sadly,all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today.Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT),a giant obrvatory that promis to revolutionize humanity’s view of the cosmos.
At issue is the TMT’s planned location on Mauna Kea,a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko, that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens.But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world’s most powerful telescopes.Rested in the Pacific Ocean,Mauna Kea’s peak ris above the bulk of our planet’s den atmosphere,where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpasd clarity.
Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new.A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their prence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.
Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers.In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes,they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world.They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea’s fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island’s inhabitants.Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past;it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.
Yet science has a cultural history,too,with roots going back to the dawn of civilization.The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii’s shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens.Calls to disasmble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both ek to answer big questions about who we are,where we come from and where we are going.Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies,as if answering a primal calling to know ourlves and our true ancestral homes.
The astronomy community is making compromis to change its u of Mauna Kea.The TMT site was chon to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact.To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea,old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state.There is no reason why everyone
cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.
26.Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph1indicates___________.
[A]its conrvative view on the historical role of astronomy.
[B]the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.
[C]the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.
[D]her appreciation of star watchers’feats in her time.
27.Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to___________.
抗疫思想汇报[A]its geographical features[B]its protective surroundings.
[C]its religious implications.[D]its existing infrastructure.
觉多音字28.The construction of the TMT is oppod by some locals partly becau_____.
[A]it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B]it reminds them of a humiliating history.
[C]their culture will lo a chance of revival.[D]they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.
29.It can be inferred from Paragraph5that progress in today’s astronomy____.
[A]is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B]helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.
[C]may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D]will eventually soften Hawaiians’hostility.
30.The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of
[A]vere criticism.[B]passive acceptance.[C]slight hesitancy.[D]full approval.
Text3
Robert F.Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures“everything except that which makes life worthwhile.”With Britain voting to leave the European Union,and GDP already predicted to slow as a result,it is now a timely moment to asss what he was referring to.
The question of GDP and its ufulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century.Many argue that it is a flawed concept.It measures things that do not matter and miss things that do.By
most recent measures,the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world,with record low unemployment and high growth figures.If everything was going so well,then why did over17million people vote for Brexit,despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?
A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the163countries measured,the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens.Rather than just focusing on GDP,over40different ts of criteria from health,education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded asssment of how countries are performing.
While all of the countries face their own challenges,there are a number of consistent themes.Yes,there has been a budding economic recovery since the2008global crash,but in key indicators in areas such as health and education,major economies have continued to decline.Yet this isn’t the ca with all countries.Some relatively poor European countries have en huge improvements across measures including civil society,income equality and environment.
糍粑的吃法
This is a lesson that rich countries can learn:When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success,the world looks very different.
So,what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations,as a measure,it is no longer enough.It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes–all things that contribute to a person’s n of well-being.
The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday rvices we depend on for our well-being and for growth.But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even e progress.
31.Robert F.Kennedy is cited becau he___________.
[A]praid the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness.
[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP.[D]had a low opinion of GDP.
32.It can be inferred from Paragraph2that___________.
[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.
[B]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.
[C]the UK will contribute less to the world economy.
[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.
33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?
[A]It is sponsored by163countries.[B]It excludes GDP as an indicator.
[C]Its criteria are questionable.[D]Its results are enlightening.
34.In the last two paragraphs,the author suggests that___________.
[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom.[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline.
[C]it is esntial to consider factors beyond GDP.[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues.桑叶祛斑
35.Which of the following is the best title for the text?
[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being,a UK Lesson[B]GDP Figures,a Window on Global Economic Health
[C]Rebort F.Kennedy,a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit,the UK’s Gateway to Well-being
Text4
In a rare unanimous ruling,the U.S Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor,Robert McDonnell.But it did so while holding its no at the ethics of his conduct,which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a company eking access to government.
The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr.McDonnell’s trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,”or the former governor’s decisions on“specific”and“unttled”issues related to his duties.
Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials,unless done with clear intent to pressure tho officials,is not corruption,the justices found.
The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is“distasteful”and“nasty.”But
under
anti-bribery laws,proof must be made of concrete benefits,such as approval of a contract or regulation.Simply arranging a meeting,making a phone call,or hosting an event is not an“official act”.
The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal.Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of procution of bribery.”The basic compact underlying reprentative government,”wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court,”assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”
But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected reprentatives,not the courts,to ensure equality of access to government.Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply becau an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift.This type of integrity requires
well-enforced laws in government transparency,such as records of official meetings,rules on lobbying,and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth.
