2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题
植物大战僵尸中国馆Section I U of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choo the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)温室花卉
Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!”
1 helping you feel clo and 2to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring
a 3of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4getting sick this winter.
In a recent study5 over 400 health adults, rearchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs6 the participants’ susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8with a cold,and the rearchers9that the str
ess-reducing effects of hugging10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among tho who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less vere12.
“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the13 risk for colds that’s usually14 with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging “is a marker of intimacy and helps15 the feeling that others are there to help16difficulty.”
Some experts 17the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the relea of oxytocin, often called “the bonding hormone”18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is relead into the bloodstream. But some of it19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.
拥抱可以使医生远离我们吗？答案也许是响亮的“是的”。除了能帮助你感到和自己在乎的人关系亲密之外，事实证明拥抱还可以给你的身心健康带来许多好处。不管你信不信，温暖的拥抱在冬天可以帮助你避免生病。
最近，宾夕法尼亚州卡耐基梅隆大学的研究人员对超过400名健康成年人进行了研究。他们在让这些实验对象接触感冒病毒后，检测了“感觉到社会支持”和“受到别人拥抱”这两点对他们患上常见感冒的敏感性的影响。感觉到更多社会支持的人更不容易患感冒，研究人员推算出，这种对健康的有益影响，大约有32%是由拥抱所产生的减压效果所带来的。甚至在已经患上感冒的人群中，感觉得到更多社会支持和频繁得到拥抱的人的症状也更轻。
“拥抱可以保护那些处于压力之下的人免受与压力有关的、愈发增加的感冒的风险，”来自卡内基大学的心理学教授谢尔登·科恩观察道。拥抱“能制造亲密，也能帮助产生面对困难时，有人来帮助你的感觉。”
一些专家将拥抱所产生的减缓压力的健康好处归因于拥抱所释放的催生素，其通常被称为“结合激素”，因为它能促进依附关系，包括母亲与新生婴儿之间的依附关系。催生素主要产生在大脑的中低部，其有一部分会被释放进血液里。但还有一部分会留在大脑里，影响人们的情绪、行为及生理。
Section ⅡReading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
First two hours,now three hours—this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive curity lines.
Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming curity procedures in return for incread safety. T
sic
he crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little curity in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans’ economic and private lives, n ot to mention infuriating.
Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a cret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons—both fake and real—past airport curity nearly every time they tried.Enhanced curity measures since then, combined with a ri in airline travel due to the improving economy and and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago’s O’Hare International.It is not yet clear how much more effective airline curi ty has become—but the lines are obvious.
Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increa in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.
There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program.PreCheck is suppod
to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Pasngers who pass a background check are eligible to u expedited screening lanes.This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risks, saving time for everyone involved.TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.
It has not gotten anywhere clo to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Pasngers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck’s fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level.But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.
The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underud PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.
21.The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to________.
[A] stress the urgency to strengthen curity worldwide
[B] highlight the necessity of upgrading major US airports
[C] explain Americans’ tolerance of current curity checks
[D] emphasis the importance of privacy protection
22. Which of the following contributions to long waits at major airport?
[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags
[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA
[C] An increa in the number of travelers
[D] Frequent unexpected cret checks
23.The word “expedited” (Line 4, Para.5) is clost i n meaning to________.
[A] faster
[B] quieter
[C] wider
[D] cheaper
24. One problem with the PreCheck program is___________.
[A] A dramatic reduction of its scale
[B] Its wrongly-directed implementation
[C] The government’s reluctance to back it
[D] An unreasonable price for enrollment
25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[A] Less Screening for More Safety
供热工[B] PreCheck-a Belated Solution
[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines
[D] Underud PreCheck Lanes
慈光阁Text 1
全文翻译
陌生的地方以前是2小时，现在是3小时——这就是航空当局建议旅客提前到达机场赶国内航班的时间，至少美国一些大的机场是这么建议的，因为安检队伍正变得越来越长。
美国人现在愿意忍受费时的安检程序，以换取更高的安全性。被恐怖分子袭击而坠入地中海的埃及航空804号航班给了大家为什么这么做的一个悲剧提醒。但是对飞机乘客要求太多或者在安全保障方面的成效不足反过来又会降低公众对这一程序的支持。其就会演变成：浪费的时间耽误了美国的经济和私人生活，也会使乘客感到愤怒。
去年，美国运输安全管理局在一次秘密检查中发现，管理局的便衣调查员在尝试偷运武器的时候（无论真假），屡次通过了安检。随后，机场加强了安检措施，同时经济复苏和低油价也导致了国际航班的增加，这些因素就导致包括芝加哥奥黑尔国际机场在内的主要机场的安检队伍变长。目前，安检措施是否变得更加有效尚不得而知，但安检队伍确实变长了。
导致这一问题的部分原因是政府没有预料到乘飞机出行的乘客数量会猛增，所以美国运输安全管理局现在正紧锣密鼓地在各机场增加新的安检人员。另一个原因是，机场只有这么多空间，能容下的安检队伍有限。还有一个因素可能是，越来越多的人想要过度打包他们的随身行李以避免行李安检费用，尽管航空公司对此强烈反对。
青春舞台
卫立煌将军
美国运输安全管理局可以采取的一个不需要改造机场或仓促招聘人员的措施，那就是鼓励更多的乘客参加预检项目。预检对游客和美国运输安全管理局而言是双赢的选择。通过背景检查的乘客有资格使用快速安检通道。这能使美国运
