美国针灸师执照考试（—）
辽宁中医药大学 (110032)
朱 爱 松
摘要：自1971年7月《纽约时报》的著名记者詹姆斯（James Reston）来华访问发表了“北京之行”报道；1972年美国总统尼克松首次访华后所掀起的“针灸热”，将神奇的中医带到了美国。经过35年的进一步交流，中医在美国由早期的普及、市场的需求，慢慢向主流化、规范化发展。目前美国的50个州中大部分州已先后通过了针灸立法，并将其列入医疗保险报销范围。笔者在长期从事留学生教育过程中，将所了解到的美国针灸师考试作以总结。
主题词：美国；针灸；执照考试
美国针灸师执照考试有两种。一种是国家针灸师资格考试委员会举办的针灸师考试(NCCAOM)；另一种是加州针灸执照考试（CA）。
现主要介绍美国国家针灸师资格考试委员会举办的针灸师考试 (NCCAOM: The National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine)。
NCCAOM考试合格证书是专业水平证书。持有NCCAOM考试合格证书者，要想取得行医权利，必须向所在州政府卫生局及执照颁发管理局提出申请，取得针灸执照后，方可注册行医。NCCAOM每年进行3次（2月、6月、标准跑道尺寸10月）针灸师资格认定考试。美国目前50个州中除了ALABAMA、CALIFORNIA、GEORGIA、IDAHO、KANSAS、KENTUCKY竞天择、MISSISSIPPI、NEBRASKA、NEVADA、NORTH DAKOTA、OHIL、OKLAHOMA、SOUTH DAKOTA外齿轮、TENNESSEE、WYOMING等州外均承认NCCAOM的考试，并作为申请各州针灸师执照的必备条件之一。目前在世界各地有13，000余人拥有NCCAOM资格证书。
NCCAOM针灸考试始于1985年，分为理论考试（7个小时）和穴位定位(一个小时)两部分。前者要完成265道选择题，内容为中医基础理论（Foundations of Oriental Medicine）、针灸（Acupuncture Module）、生物医学（Biomedicine）；后者要在纸质彩色图谱上进行点穴25个。
要申请参加美国NCCAOM针灸考试，首先要具备参加NCCAOM针灸考试的资格。凡参加考试者必须接受过正规针灸教育。如正规全日制中医学院毕业，授课学时不少于1725小时，
至少已完成1065小时的中医理论教育和660小时的临床实习，完成学业、获得毕业证书者；正规全日制中医学院在校生要完成授课学时不少于1450小时，至少已完成1100小时的中医理论教育和350小时的临床实习者也可申请考试。中国教育部下属正规中医学院的本科毕业生以及美国全国针灸及中医院校资格鉴定委员会承认的30所中医学院的毕业生，均可按此项规定获得考试资格。从2001烧烤蘸料年开始，接受正规针灸教育已成为美国唯一可获得针灸考试资格的途径。
学徒：由各州认可的中医教授带徒，理论和实践课学时总计不少于4000谁想成为百万富翁小时，总时间至少3年，不超过6年。在此学徒期间，每年至少诊治电笔怎么用100名不同的病人，诊治次数至少500次以上。
专业针灸实践：每年至少要诊治100个不同的病人，做过至少500次的针灸治疗，至少要有4年的记录并提供证明。
若以上3项单项均不合要求，还可以3项综合，总计综合分达40分以上即可。
考试可以任选英文、中文、韩文进行。若用非英文进行考试，尚需考托福，托福要求550分以上。近年来，不断有些州相继要求只有用英文进行考试者方可申请执照。
附NCCAOM针灸考试样题，仅供参考：
1. A bedridden patient prents with flushed cheeks, pale lips, minor restlessness and thirst for hot drinks. Becau you suspect a ca of true Cold and fal Heat, you expect the pul to be
a. rapid and weak b. slow and weak
c. bowstring and rapid d. strong and flooding
2. Lingering headache with an empty nsation in the head, accompanied by paroxysmal darkness before the eyes and blurred vision, is due to
a. upward disturbance of phlegm b. invasion of exogenous pathogenic factors
c. insufficiency of Qi and blood, and loss of Yin esnce d. stagnation of blood
3. The meeting point of the Lung Divergent Channel with the Large Intestine Channel is
班级建设目标 a. Jianyu(LI 15) b. Neck-Futu(LI18)
c. Hegu(LI 4) d. Yingxiang(L120)
4. A patient complains of headaches, dizziness, palpitations, frequent dreams, and inability to sleep at night. The patient is very forgetful and irritable, and has a flushed face. The pul is deep, thread and rapid. In this ca, the correct diagnosis is
a. Heart Fire flaring upward b. Phlegm (Tan) blocking Heart orifices
c. deficiency of Heart Yin d. deficiency of Heart Yang
5. For this patient, the most appropriate needle treatment would u points
a. Hand-Zhongzhu(SJ 3)(TH 3) and Laogong(P 8) b. Shenmen(Ht 7) and Juque(Ren 14)(CV 14) c. Taichong(Liv 3) and Jiaoxin(K 8) d. Guanyuan(Ren 4)(CV 4) and Qihai(Ren 6)(CV 6)
6. The best point to stop bleeding in the lung due to Heat would be
a. Kongzui(Lu 6) b. Shousanli(LI 1 O)
c. Quchi(LI 11) d. Zhouhai(K 6)
7. Which of the following points is on the transver crea of the wrist in the articular region between the pisiform bone and the ulna, in the depression on the radial side of the tendon of m. flexor carpi ulnaris
a. Yinxi(H 6) b. Daling(P 7)
c. Shenmen(H 7) d. Houxi(SI 3)
8. A male patient in his early 30s comes to you complaining of a chronic mild a chiness and weakness of the lumbar region and bothers knees. His pul is sinking, his general appearance is pale, and he complains of general fatigue. Bed rest is the only way that he can ea the backache, which always grows wor after exertion. He tends to need more sleep than the average person. This condition is characteristic of
南海溪蟹 a. Phlegm accumulation in lower heater b. Trauma to the lower back region
c. Pathogenic Wind, Cold and Dampness in the channels d. Xu(deficiency) of Kidney Qi
9. Your treatment principle for this ca would be
a. Stimulate dispersal of phlegm by promoting excretion b. Disper the pathogenic Factors and build Wei Qi c. Notify Kidney Qi d. Promote flow of Qi and Blood to speed healing
