循证医学evidence-bad medicine：(EBP) aims to apply the best available evidence gained from the scientific method to clinical decision making. It eks to asss the strength of evidence of the risks and benefits of treatments (including lack of treatment) and diagnostic tests. Evidence quality can range from meta-analys and systematic reviews of double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials at the top end, down to conventional wisdom at the bottom.
Meta-分析：Data synthesis, quantitative overview Data analysis A systematic method that us statistical techniques for combining results from different studies to obtain a quantitative estimate of the overall effect of a particular intervention or variable on a defined outcome; MA produces a stronger conclusion than can be provided by any individual study.
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系统评价systematic review: is a literature review focud on a rearch question that tries to identify, apprai, lect and synthesize all high quality rearch evidence relevant to that question. Systematic reviews of high-quality randomized controlled trials are crucial to evidence-bad medicine.
沾染contamination：a condition of being soiled, stained, touched, or otherwi expod to harmful agents, making an object potentially unsafe for u as intended or without barrier techniques. An example is entry of infectious or toxic materials into a previously clean or sterile environment.
干扰comtervention：Test group and a control group of study subjects underwent the test measures other than treatment, thereby artificially affect the efficacy of the test measures.
意向性治疗分析intention to treatment，ITT： is an analysis bad on the initial treatment intent, not on the treatment eventually administered. ITT analysis is intended to avoid various misleading artifacts that can ari in intervention rearch.
系统分析：analysis of Specific clinical problems, the u of the system, explicitly retrieve the program, screening-related rearch, rigorous evaluation of the quality of rearch and the collection and analysis of the data included in the study for qualitative or quantitative synthesis, to draw reliable conclusions.
截尾值censored value：Refers to the follow-up process, for some reason failed to clear outcomes obrved in patients (i.e. the endpoint events), do not know the exact survival time of the patient, obtained survival time information is not completely
临床决策分析clinical decision analysis: the application of clinical, epidemiological and other data to influence outome probability and alternative decisions in such areas as surgery and pharmaceutical treatment.
鲁提辖拳打镇关西发表偏倚Publication bias: aris from the tendency for rearchers, editors, and pharmaceutical companies to handle the reporting of experimental results that are positive differently from results that are negative or inconclusive.
随机对照试验randomized controlled trial: 效率低下An experimental design ud for testing the effectiveness of a new medication or a new therapeutic procedure. Individuals are assigned randomly to a treatment group (experimental therapy) and a control group (placebo or standard therapy) and the outcomes are compared. The trial is strengthened by 'blinding' or masking and cross-over design.
卫生技术评估Health Technology Asssment: is a multi-disciplinary field of policy analysis that examines the medical, economic, social and ethical implications of the incremental value, diffusion and u of a medical technology in health care.
内在真实性 internal validity: the extent to which the effects detected in a study are truly caud by the treatment or exposure in the study sample, rather than being due to other biasing effects of extraneous variables.
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伤害需要病例数number needed to harm (NNH) is an epidemiological measure that indicates how many patients need to be expod to a risk-factor over a specific period to cau harm in one patient that would not otherwi have been harmed. It is defined as the inver of the attributable risk.
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前景问题Foreground questions: ask specific clinical questions that try to find relationships between a patient and their condition, an exposure (therapeutic, diagnostic), and an outcome. They are generally very detailed questions that can best be answered with the information contained in published rearch studies.学习表情包
背景问健身房音乐题Background questions: ask about fundamentals and facts. They are more general in nature. Background questions can be answered in any collection of factual information (databank), such as a book, practice guideline, or Web site.大白菜怎么炒好吃
