（0057）《词汇学》复习大纲
Chapter One Introduction
1. Definitions (In the final exam, all definitions should be completed with at least examples.):
Lexicology (p. 1)
Vocabulary (p. 1)
Morphology (p. 1)
音乐剧金沙Etymology (p. 2)
Semantics (p. 2)
Stylistics (p. 2)
Phonetics (p.2)
2. Some fundamental ideas (the five points in ction 1.3.2)
1) The vocabulary of any language never remains stable, but is constantly changing, growing and decaying, together with the development of human society.
2) The word is the principal and basic unit of the language. The word is a structural and mantic entity within the language system.
暖色壁纸 3) The word is a two-facet unit posssing both form and content.
4) Structurally words are inparable lexical units taking shape in a definite system of grammatical forms and syntactic characteristics, which distinguishes them both from morphemes and words groups.
5) Two approaches of investigations lexicology. The synchronic approach is concerned with the vocabulary of a language as it exists are given time, for instance, at the prent time. The Diachronic approach deals with the changes and the development of vocabulary in the cour of time. The two approaches should be interconnected and inter
dependent.
3. The Division of the History of English
1) The Old English (Anglo-Saxon) period不鸣则已
Duration: roughly from 450-1150
The three characteristics of Old English (page 7-8)
(1) pronunciation difference; (2) Teutonic vocabulary; (3) full of inflectional
2) The Middle English period
联系函 Duration: 1150-1500
The three Characteristics of Middle English (page 8)
(1) remblance to Old English; (2) borrowing and loss in vocabulary; (3) less inflectional
湿炒河粉 3) The Modern English period (page 8)
Early Modern English (1500-1700)
Late Modern English (Since 1700)
Chapter Two Sources of English Vocabulary
1. The naive elements of English Vocabulary
1) The nine characteristics of the native element (pp. 10-11)
a. all-national character
b. great stability
c. mono-syllabic words
d. Great word-forming ability审计培训心得体会
e. wide collocability
f. plurality of meanings
g. high frequency value
h. stylistically neutral
2. The foreign elements of English Vocabulary (pp. 11-26)
1) The three ways of the foreign elements entering into the English vocabulary (p. 12)
a. through oral speech
b. through written speech
c. through invaders
2) Classification of the foreign borrowings (or, the four types of foreign elements in English vocabulary) (pp. 12-13)
a. aliens ; b. denizens; c. translation loan; d. mantic loan
3) Some uful Latin phras and abbreviations 重耳简介
vice versa, per cent, per cap., persona non grata; a.m., p.m., i.e., e.g., c.f., viz.
4) doublets, hybrids and international words in English (pp. 26-30)
5) The three types of assimilated words: completely assimilated words, partly assimilated words and non-assimilated words. (pp. 32-33)
Chapter Three Word-Building
1. Definitions (In the final exam, all definitions should be completed with examples.):
morpheme, free morpheme, bound morpheme, root, stem
2. Ways of word-building (attentions should also be paid to the examples appearing the ways of word-building)
1) affixation (pp. 39-51)
2) conversion (pp.51-55)
3) compounding (pp.55-59)
4) backformation (pp. 59-60)
5) shortening (pp. 60-63)
6) blending (pp. 63-64)
7) imitation (p. 64)
3. All the exercis of this chapter are possible sources for the final exam!
Chapter Four Semantics
1. definitions (In the final exam, all definitions should be completed with examples.):
polymy (p. 72), homonymy (p. 77), perfect homonym (p. 77), homograph (p. 78), homophone p. 78), synonym (p. 80), antonym (p. 86),
2. important points
1) the relation between a word and its meaning (p. 70)
2) the relation between words and concepts (p. 70-71)
3) the meaning of “nice” (p. 72)
4) types of synonyms (pp. 83-84)
5) the origin of synonyms (p. 84)
6) the example words of antonym (pp. 86-88)
7) ways of coining neologism (p. 91)
8) the exercis of Chapter Four (pp. 94-100)
Chapter Five Change of Meaning
1. Definitions (In the final exam, all definitions should be completed with examples.):
extension of meaning (p. 101), narrowing of meaning (p. 102), degradation of meaning (p. 104), metonymy (p. 114), synecdoche (p. 116), oxymoron (p. 119)
alleyway
