专题四 语法填空
第二讲 非谓语动词
真题验证
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)
In 1863 the first underground pasnger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under ven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 1.crowds (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 双威大学2.from work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, 3.laying (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 4.the top. When all tho had been done, the road surface was replaced.
Steam engines 网络推广的方式 5.were ud (u) to pull the carriages and it must have been 6.fairly仪表美 (fair)unpleasant for the pasngers, with all the smoke and noi. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 7.it every day.
Later, engineers 8.managed (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the 9.introduction (introduce) of electric－powered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway was one of the most 10.successful (success) of the new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white－painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.
文章大意：本文为说明文，介绍了全世界第一个地下客运铁路在英国开放及其逐渐发展成现在的地铁的过程。
❶ 解析：考查名词复数。因为crowd为可数名词，并且其前没有限定词， 所以此处用其复数形式。
❷ 解析：考查介词。此处是指“当他们来回上下班时”。
❸ 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句的主语为This，谓语动词included后由and连接了三个动名词短语作宾语。故填laying。
❹ 解析：考查定冠词。此处指的是在顶端建造一个结实的顶，所以在top前加the。
❺ 解析：考查动词时态和语态。因为是介绍1863年的事情，而且steam engines与u之间为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were ud。
❻ 解析：考查副词。副词修饰形容词unpleasant，故在其前填fairly。
❼粗实线 解析：考查代词。根据上文的“the railway quickly”可知，此处用it代替the railway。
❽ 解析：考查动词时态。因为engineers与manage之间为主动关系，而且是发生在过去的事情，所以填managed。
❾ 解析：考查词性转换。由前面的定冠词the可知，其后应接名词，故填introduction。
解析：考查词性转换。根据语境并结合空前的the most可知，空处表达最高级意义。故填successful。
(2016·全国Ⅱ)
If you feel stresd by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别)tho of 1.greater (great) and less importance.Then, handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real n of 2.achievement (achieve)．统计指标的特点Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 3.is (be) often acceptable.
Most of us are more focud 4.on our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.So, get an early start and try to be as productive 5.as possible before lunch.This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.
Recent 6.studies (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 7.regularly怎样爱一个人 (regular)．Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 8.a while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.
If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you'll be less likely 大冒险题目9.to bring (bring) your work home.It could be anything—gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is， 10.make (make) sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
文章大意：本文为说明文。本文主要介绍了缓解工作中的压力的一些方法。
❶ 解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据语境及下文的“and less importance”可知，此处应用形容词的比较级来修饰importance，故填greater。
❷ 解析：考查词性转换。首先处理最重要的工作以便你能感到一种真实的成就感。介词后接名词，a real n of achievement意为“一种真实的成就感”。
❸ 解析：考查主谓一致和时态。把不太重要的事情留到明天通常是可以接受的。分析句
子结构可知，该句中的主语为动名词短语“Leaving the less important things until tomorrow”，故谓语动词为第三人称单数形式，且全文的基本时态为一般现在时。故填is。
❹ 解析：考查介词。我们中的大多数人在早上的时候会比我们在一天中的晚些时候更加集中于我们的工作。固定短语be focud on意为“集中于……”。故填on。
❺ 解析：考查连词。因此，早点儿开始并且在午饭前要尽可能高效。固定结构as...as possible意为“尽可能……”。
❻ 解析：考查名词复数。最新的研究表明，如果我们有规律地短暂休息的话，我们在工作中会变得高效得多。分析句子结构可知，谓语动词为show，为复数形式，且study作”研究，调查”讲时为可数名词，故主语应为复数。故填studies。
❼ 解析：考查词性转换。副词修饰谓语动词take，故填regularly“有规律地”。
❽ 解析：考查冠词。固定短语for a while意为欠缺的近义词“一会儿”。
❾ 解析：考查非谓语动词。固定短语be likely to do sth.意为“可能做某事”，故填to bring。
解析：考查祈使句。分析句子结构可知，but连接两个并列分句。其中第二个分句中，whatever引导让步状语从句，其后为祈使句充当主句。故填make。
模拟强化
(2017·江西省宜春市二模)
“Do you call that a hat？”I said to my wife.
“You needn't be so rude about it，”my wife answered as she looked at ____1.herlf____(she) in the mirror.
I sat down on one of tho modern chairs with holes in it and____2.waited____(wait)．We____3.had_been____(be) in the hat shop for half an hour____4.and____ my wife was still in front of the mirror.
