英语国家概况（下） 名词解释
Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin was one of the founding fathers of the American Republic. He participated in writing the Declaration of Independence and making the U.S. Constitution.
Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson was one of the founding fathers of the American Republic. He was the chief author of the Declaration of Independence and the third President of the United States.
the Bill of Rights
The bill of Rights consists of the first 10 amendments which were added to the Constitution in 1791. The Bill of Rights was pasd to guarantee freedom and individual rights such as freedom of speech, the right to asmble in public places, the right to own weapons and so on,红楼梦的别名
a federal system
英语四级考试试卷a federal system is one in which power is shared between a central authority and its constituent parts, with some rights rerved to each.
stock
When starting or expanding business, corporations need to borrow money. They may issue stocks for people to buy. When people buy stock, they become part owner of the company. If the company makes a profit, they receive a share of it. Likewi, if the company los money, the stockholders will not make a profit or the value of their shares will drop – they lo money. Therefore buying stock is a risk.
three faiths in the U.S.
By the 1950s, the three faiths model of American religion had developed. Americans were considered to come in three basic varieties: Protestant, Catholic and Jewish, the order reflecting the strength in numbers of each group.
The “Beat Generation”
The "Beat Generation" was made up of a group of young writers in the 1950s bad in San Francisco. The name referred simultaneously to the rhythm of Jazz music, to their n that society was worn out, to the interest in new forms of experience, through drugs, alcohol or Eastern mysticism. Alan Ginsburg’s poem Howl t for them a tone of social protest.
the “Lost Generation”
In the aftermath of World War 1, many novelists produced a literature of disillusionment. Some lived abroad They were known as the "Lost Generation". The two most reprentative writers of the "Lost Generation" were Hemingway and Fitzgerald.
Mark Twain
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captured a peculiarly American n of humor. He reprented a new American voice. His major work was The Adventures Huckleberry Finn (1884), which has been called the 自我挑战
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greatest novel in American literature.
The naturalists
They were novelists who concentrated upon the grim aspects of reality and a deterministic view of life. They were linked with European naturalists such as French novelist Zola. The most reprentative naturalists in American literature were Stephen Crane, Theodore Dreir, and Jack London.
Boards of education
Boards of education refer to groups of people who make policies for schools at the state and/or district level. They also make decisions about the school curriculum, teacher standards and certification, and the overall measurement of student progress.
12. The Counter Culture
In the wake of Free Speech Movement and the New Left appeared a phenomenon that h
istorians called the “counter culture.” The Counter Culture rejected capitalism and other American principles. They had morals different from tho taught by their parents. Some groups of youth tried to construct different ways of life. Among the most famous were the hippies. They sought new experience through dropping out, drugs. But it was music, rock music in particular, that became the chief vehicle for the counter cultural assault on traditional American society. The counter culture exerted a great influence upon people’s attitudes toward social mores, marriage, career, and success.
white-collar crime
White – collar crimes are tho committed by higher income groups such as the crimes of fraud, fal advertising, corporate price fixing, bribery, embezzlement, industrial pollution, tax evasion and so on. Yet the statistics provided by the FBI tend to overlook white-collar crimes. In fact, white-collar crimes are often ignored by law enforcement agencies. Some sociologists argue that the higher class may actually have a higher rate of crime than the lower class.
Richard Nixon
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Richard Nixon was the former President of the United States. In the early 1970s, he was involved in the Watergate scandal, for which he was forced to resign from the presidency.
贩的组词The Pony Express System
This was a system of using riders and hors (ponies) to transmit messages and mail orders in the Wild west in mid-19th century. It was replaced by the telegraph system.
