DECEPTION 101―PRIMER ON DECEPTION
Joph W. Caddell
December 2004
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The views expresd in this report are tho of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, the Department of Defen, or the U.S. Government. This report is cleared for public relea; distribution is unlimited.
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This monograph was funded by the U.S. Army War College External Rearch Associates Program. Information on this program is available on our website, www.carlisle.army.mil/ssi/, at the Publishing button.
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1560年This monograph is bad on a prentation made at the Conference on Strategic Deception in Modern Democracies: Ethical, Legal, and Policy Challenges, sponsored by the U.S. Army War College, the U.S. Naval Academy, and the Triangle Institute of Security Studies on October 31, 2003, at the William C. Friday Conference Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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ISBN 1-58487-180-6
FOREWORD
This monograph reviews the basic concepts related to “decep-tion.” The author, Dr. Joph Caddell, defines terms, provides historical examples, and discuss problems associated with deception. His monograph provides a general overview, a “primer,” and is not directed at tho who already posss a working knowledge of deception operations. Nevertheless, given the complex and ever changing nature of deception in the political-military environment, it may rve as a uful reminder of the basic assumptions and methods concerning the subject.
oa系统是什么The Strategic Studies Institute is plead to publish this work as part of our External Rearch Associates Program.
DOUGLAS C. LOVELACE, JR.
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Director
Strategic Studies Institute
ABOUT THE AUTHOR南瓜子仁
Dr. Joph Caddell is a Lecturer on Military History at North Carolina State University in Raleigh.
DECEPTION 101―PRIMER ON DECEPTION
Introduction.
Deception is a traditional component of political and military conflict. Indeed, many argue that it is intrinsic to all human interaction. It is sometimes mistakenly confud with unintentional confusion or misinformation. Disinformation, intentional deception, should not be confud with misinformation. Deception depends on two criteria: first, it is intentional; and, cond, it is designed to gain an advantage for the practitioner.1
Deception in the forms of concealment and activity designed to mislead is common in nature. Protective coloration rves to protect some flora and fauna―either by making them difficult to e o
r by causing them to remble something of little interest to predators. Some animals will feign injury to lure predators away from nests or offspring. Students of deception note the examples as evidence of the utility and effectiveness of disinformation even beyond the human experience.2
Fabrication and Manipulation.
In the economic and political arenas, deception may appear in a wide variety of forms. Indeed, cynical obrvers might argue that a synonym for economic disinformation is “advertising.” In any ca, examining the u of deception in marketing helps illustrate the difference between “fabrication and manipulation.” If fal information is created and prented as true, this is fabrication. It is fabricated for the purpo of disinformation and is simply not true.
Manipulation, on the other hand, is the u of information which is technically true, but is being prented out of context in order to create a fal implication. This deception may be achieved by leaving out information or by associating valid information in such a way as to create fal correlations. In the advertising world, companies usually avoid making fal claims bad on “fabricated” information. The laws against fal advertising make such behavior problematical. Prenting “true” information “manipulated” to create南湖公园作文
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