主动形式 被动形式
一般式 （not） to make （not） to be made
完成式 （not） to have made （not） to have been made
进行式 （not） to be making
完成进行式 （not） to have been making
一作定语
置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。
①The next train to arrive is from Washington. 表示将来的动作
②Have you anything to be taken to your sister?只有动宾关系，则需用被动语态
③Do you have anything to say on the question? 与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，同时与句中其它词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时，尽管有被动含义，却仍用主动语态
④Would you plea give me some paper to write on? 与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，如是不及物动词，则需加介词
英国萨塞克斯大学
不定式作定语时=定语从句，例①to arrive=that will arrive。
二、作表语
不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作；动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。
①To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.
当主语和表语都是不定式时，其含义一是条件，一是结果（例①）
②My chief purpo is to point out the difficulties ofthe matter.
突破
③What I would suggest is to put off the meeting.
当主语是aim,duty,hope,idea,mistake,plan,purpo,suggestion等为中心词（例②）时，或以what引导的名词性分句（例③），不定式说明主语的内容。
④Our work is rving the people.
⑤What he likes is taking a walk after supper.
④⑤莲花怎么种句动名词作表语，与主语部分可以转换，如Serving thepeople is out work,
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⑥The story told by is interesting.
而⑥句中是现在分词作表语，说明主语的性质、状态，
三、作宾补
1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)
Advi allow appoint believe cau challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require lect nd state suppo tell think train trust understand urge warn
Father will not allow us to play on the street.
父亲不让我们在街上玩耍
I found him lying on the ground. 用分词做宾补(现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动)
=I found it important to learn. 先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to do
=I found that to learn English is important. 带一个从句
此类动词还有get，have。 。。
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2) to + be 的不定式结构，作宾补的动词。
Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(声称), discover, fancy(设想), feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, e(理解), show, suppo, take(以为), understand
We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。
3) to be +形容词
Seem, appear, be said, be suppod, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean…
The book is believed to be uninteresting.
人们认为这本书没什么意思。
4) there be+不定式
believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand
We didn't expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。
5）as 短语做补语，如regard, think believe, take, consider.
Mary took him as her father . 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。
四：作状语
1）目的状语
To… only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to,
so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……)
He ran so fast 科技的名言名句as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
2）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。
What have I said to make you angry.
3) 表原因
I'm glad to e you.
The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to sit on
当动词与介词连用时，常位于"形容词+动词不定式"结构的末尾。
五、作主语
动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：
(1)把不定式置于句首。如： 金典奇迹
To get there by bike will take us half an hour.
(2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置后
3)当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型(错)It is to believe to e. (对)To e is to believe. 百闻不如一见。
六、作宾语
1) 动词+不定式 Want to do be warned not to do被动
2）动词+不定式=动词+宾语+不定式
ask, beg, choo, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promi, want, wish…
I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。
I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。
3）动词+疑问词+ to（疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时百家争鸣的原因，谓语动词用单数）
decide, know, consider forget, learn, 写给2035 remember, show, understand, e, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
Plea show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。
The question is how to put it into practice.
问题是怎样把它付诸实施。
4)有些动词只能跟不定式作宾语=接that引导的从句。
骑车用英语怎么说I decided to ask for my money back.
I decided that I would ask for my money back.
5)当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，即：主语＋动词＋it＋补语＋to do句式。
He feels it his duty to help the poor.
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(1)语态
在There be结构中，修饰主语的不定式可用被动，也可用主动。
如：There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).
但有时两种形式表达的意思不同，如：The is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)
