情态动词⾼考第⼀轮复习讲课教案
08⾼考第⼀轮复习专题17
模块四语法专练：情态动词
【考点透视】
从近⼏年的⾼考试题来看，情态动词是⼀⼤热点。每年单项填空题必考⼀题，通常从三个⽅⾯来考查考⽣对情态动词的运⽤：⼀是情态动词本⾝所表达的意义，如表⽰禁⽌、命令、威胁、许诺等意义；can, may, might, need, shall, should等的⽤法。⼆是“情态动词+have done”表⽰推测。三是情态动词后⾯省略形式的⽤法区别，如I could (=I could do），I could have (=I could have done)的区别。
（⼀）can和could的⽤法
1．表⽰能⼒或客观可能性，还可以表⽰请求和允许。例如：
Can you finish this work tonight?
⼀Can I go now? ⼀Yes，you can.
2．could也可表⽰请求，是委婉的语⽓，主要⽤于疑问句，不可⽤于肯定句，答语应⽤can，即could 不能⽤于现在时态的简略答语中。例如：
⼀Could I come to e you tomorrow?
⼀Yes，you can. (否定答语可⽤No，I’m afraid not)。
3．表⽰惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。(主要⽤在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中)
运动跑步
Can this be true?
4．“can (could) + have + 过去分词”的疑问或否定形式表⽰对过去发⽣的⾏为怀疑或不肯定。例如：He cannot have been to that town.
（⼆）may和might的⽤法
1．表⽰请求、可以与允许的情况，might⽐may的语⽓更加委婉。may的否定式为may not，但表⽰“不可以、禁⽌”答意思时常⽤mustn’t代替may not。例如：
⼀May I take the book out of the reading-room?
⼀Yes, you may. (No, you mustn’t. / No, you may not. / No, you’d better not.)
2．“may / might + have + v-ed”结构表⽰对过去⾏为的推测，含有“想必、也许会”的意思。
She may／might have misd the train.
（三）must和have to的⽤法
1．must的否定式有两个：mustn’t表⽰“禁⽌”；needn’t/ don’t have to是⼀般疑问句的否定答复。例如：
⼀Must we hand in our exerci books today?
⼀No，you needn’t.
2．“must have done”意思是“过去⼀定做了”；其否定式“can’t/ mustn’t have done”意思是“(过去)不可能做了”；⽽“needn’t have done”意思是“(过去)没必要做”。
3．must与have to的区别；⼆者含义很相似，两者往往可以互换使⽤，但have to有各种形式，随have
的变化⽽定。must与have to有下列⼏点不同：
（1）must表⽰的是说话⼈的主观看法，⽽have to则往往强调客观需要。
（2）must⼀般只表⽰现在，⽽have to则有更多的时态形式。
（3）询问对⽅的意愿时应⽤must。
（4）表⽰理论上的论断和⾃然法则的必然性时，应⽤must。例如：
We must believe that only socialism can save China.
（四）dare和need的⽤法
1．need表⽰“需要”或“必须”，作情态动词时，仅⽤于否定句或疑问句中，在肯定句中⼀般⽤must，
have to，ought to或should代替。例如：
―Need I finish the work? ―Yes, you must.
注意：needn’t have done表⽰“本来不必做某事⽽实际上做了某事”。
2．dare做情态动词时，主要⽤于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，⼀般不⽤肯定句中。例如：
最美壁纸How dare you say I’m unfair?
3．dare和need常⽤作实义动词，有时态、⼈称和数的变化。所不同的是，作实义动词时，在肯定句中，后⾯通常接带to的不定式，在否定和疑问句中，后⾯可接带to或不带to的不定式。
（五）shall和should的⽤法
1．shall常⽤于第⼀、第三⼈称。若⽤于其他⼈称时，则表⽰说话⼈给对⽅的“命令、警告、允诺或威胁”。
2．shall⽤于条约、规章、法令等⽂件中，表⽰义务或规定，⼀般⽤第三⼈称，意为“⼀定”。
3．shall⽤于if/ when引导的从句中，表⽰将来的可能性，语⽓较强，意为“将”。例如：
When I shall e him, I will give him your message.
4．should常表⽰“惊异、赞叹、不满”等情绪。主语从句中谓语动词要⽤“should＋动词原形”。
5．should have done意为“应该做⽽未做”；shouldn’t have done意为“不应该做⽽做了”。
蛋黄卷
6．should表⽰劝告、建议、命令。同义词未ought to。
（六）will和would的⽤法
1．表⽰请求、建议等，would⽐will委婉客⽓。
2．表⽰意志、愿望和决⼼。
3．will be和will have done的结构均表⽰推测，主要⽤于第⼆、三⼈称。前者表⽰对⽬前情况的推测，后者表⽰对已经完成的动作或事态的推测。
This will be the book you want.
The guests would have arrived by that time.
4．would可表⽰过去反复发⽣的动作或某种倾向。would表过去习惯时ud to正式，并没有“现已⽆此习惯”的含义。
（七）ought to的⽤法
1．ought to表⽰应该
2．ought to表⽰推测
3．ought to have done表⽰过去应做某事⽽实际未做。（这时ought to和should可以互换）
（⼋）ud to，had better，would rather的⽤法
1．ud to表⽰过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在，在间接引语中，其形式可不变。在疑问句、否定句、否定疑问句或强调句中，可有两种形式。如：
Did you u to go to the same school as your brother?
Ud you to go to the same school as your brother?
I udn’t to go there.
I didn’t u to go there.
She ud to be very fat, didn’t she? / u(d)n’t she?
2．had better意为“最好”，后接不带to的不定式。
3．would rather意为“宁愿”，后接不带to的不定式。由于would rather表⽰选择，因⽽后可接than。如：
I would rather work on a farm than in a factory.
I would rather watch TV than go to e the film.
I would rather lo a dozen cherry trees than you should tell me one lie.
【题例精析】
【例1】—Didn’t they come to the party last week?
—Yes. They didn’t want to come with us at first, but then we ____ persuade them.
A. would
B. could
C. were able to
D. had to
【易错点悟】解答该题的关键在于区别can 与be able to 表⽰“能⼒”的⽤法。
【要点精析】根据上下⽂语境及讲话⼈语⽓，选项动作表⽰经过努⼒才完成的。在这种语⽓的肯定句和疑问句中，常⽤be able to，在否定句中可⽤can。
【答案】C
【例2】You ____ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important. （2007北京四中交流卷）
A. can’t
B. should芝士蛋卷
C. must
D. needn’t
【易错点悟】解答该题的关键是对“can’t...”固定短语的理解。
【要点精析】根据句⼦意义：⽆论怎么注意你的阅读技巧都不过分。同时句中由于有了结构，只有can’t可以与它构成固定短语，有此含义。其它选项⽆此意。
【答案】A
【专项检测】
1. I promid to get there before 5 o’clock, but now the rain is pouring down. They ______ for me impatiently.
A. may wait
B. ought to wait
C. could wait
D. must be waiting
2.Sh e was very brave. Even though she’d hurt her leg, she ________ go back alone.
A. could
B. might
C. have to
D. was able to
3. You ________ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.
A. cannot
B. should
C. must
D. needn’t
4. I’ve tried ver al times, but the car just _______.
A. doesn’t start
中通货运
B. wouldn’t start
看风景的人
C. won’t start
D. didn’t start
5. Always the old lady ______ sit for hours doing nothing at all.
A. was ud to
B. would
C. ud to
坐便堵了怎么疏通D. should
6. There ud to be a small school,___________?
A. was there
B. wasn’t it
C. udn’t there
D. udn’t it
8. Haven’t I told you that you __________ have the answer tomorrow morning?
A. will
B. shall
C. should
D. would
9. I’m surprid that he _______ in the match.
A. should fail
B. should have failed
C. would have failed
D. may have failed
10. Better go to e my sick colleague right now, ________I?
A. hadn’t
B. didn’t
C. don’t
D. won’t
11. Sir, you ______ be hunting deer here, for they are prerved by the government.
A. oughtn’t to
B. can’t
C. won’t
D. needn’t
12. Sorry I’m late. I ______ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
长征路
A. might
B. should
C. can
D. will
13. — There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well.
— It __________ a comfortable journey.
A. can’t
B. shouldn’t be
C. must have been
D. couldn’t have been
15. ____ three people who travel together, there _____ be at least one who ____ be my teacher.
A. Between; can; will
B. In; should; could
C. Among; will; may
D. Of; must; can
17. —We need a person badly to think up such an idea.
—_______ the new comer have a try?
A. Shall
B. May
C. Should
D. Need
18. We ________ so tired. We’ve only been to a party.
A. mustn’t have felt
B. wouldn’t have felt
