梦见别人砍树七彩神仙鱼（Symphysodon haraldi）繁殖期间体表“乳汁”
成分的初步研究
摘要
七彩神仙鱼（Symphysodon haraldi）作为一种重要的观赏鱼类，具有极高的经济价值与观赏价值。七彩神仙鱼有独特的繁殖习性，在仔鱼孵化后的前一个月存在“喂奶”行为，在此阶段内，七彩神仙鱼仔稚鱼会啄食亲鱼体表黏液。因此亲鱼体表粘液即“乳汁”的分泌情况会直接影响仔稚鱼的生长状况。虽然七彩神仙鱼人工繁殖技术早已被攻克，但其“乳汁”分泌情况的不稳定，一直制约着七彩神仙鱼苗种的规模化生产；再者七彩神仙鱼产卵量不大，如果能提高种鱼“乳汁”的品质，就能够提高仔鱼的生长速度与成活率，从而缩短繁殖周期并增大产量增加经济效益。因此，为了指导七彩神仙鱼的人工繁殖，促进七彩神仙鱼苗种的规模化生产，对七彩神仙鱼“乳汁”的成分研究具有必要性。了解七彩神仙鱼体表“乳汁”的成分，可以帮助我们了解其种间差异、雌雄差异、不同繁殖时期的变化，从而选择出“泌乳”能力较强的亲鱼，提高其繁殖的质量与速度。
本研究首先采集处于六个不同繁殖阶段（繁殖间期、产卵期、孵化期、平游期、平游一周、平游两周）中的鸽子、红盖子两种七彩神仙鱼雌雄亲鱼的体表粘液，分析体表粘液中皮质醇、免疫球蛋白M、总蛋白、葡萄糖、乳酸的含量变化。其次选取5对正在繁殖的红盖子七彩神仙鱼亲鱼，在亲鱼的繁殖间期与平
游一周，分别采集雌雄亲鱼体表“乳汁”进行代谢组学分析。最后分别取处于繁殖间期与繁殖期雌雄鱼的体表“乳汁”，检测其水解氨基酸的组成情况。实验结果表明：七彩神仙体表“乳汁”中皮质醇、免疫球蛋白M、总蛋白、乳酸、葡萄糖的含量会随着取样时期不同而产生显著变化（P<0.05）。皮质醇、免疫球蛋白M、总蛋白在种间差异不显著，其中皮质醇含量在除鸽子雄性平游期取样点外平游两周前的皮质醇含量差异不显著，平游两周时两种七彩神仙皮质醇含量都出现了明显下降。除少数取样点外，IgM与总蛋白变化规律相同，均有一个先下降，再上升，再下降的过程。乳酸与葡萄糖种间差异显著（P<0.05）。除鸽子雄性平游期取样点外，鸽子体表“乳汁”中的乳酸与葡萄糖均呈下降趋势，而红盖子体表“乳汁”中的乳酸与葡萄糖都呈上升趋势。皮质醇可能对其它四种物质有一定的抑制作用。免疫球蛋白M与总蛋白变化规律有一定的相关性。乳酸与葡萄糖变化规律有一定的相关性。进入“哺乳”阶段后，七彩神仙鱼亲鱼“乳汁”中皮质醇、免疫球蛋白M、总
蛋白、乳酸、葡萄糖的含量均会发生显著变化。红盖子七彩神仙鱼能为仔鱼提供更多的营养物质。
七彩神仙鱼雌雄亲鱼在繁殖间期体表“乳汁”中代谢谱差异较小，仅有10种代谢物相对表达量存在差异。雌雄鱼进入繁殖期后，其体表“乳汁”中分别有118种与78代谢物的含量发生了改变。进入繁殖期后，七彩神仙鱼雌鱼体表“乳汁”中111种代谢物的相对表达量表现为下降，雄鱼体表“乳汁”中58种物质的相对表达量表现为下降，七彩神仙鱼雌鱼体表“乳汁”中7种物质的相对表达量表现为上升，雄鱼体表“乳汁”中20种物质的相对表达量表现为上升，雄鱼相对含量升高的物质种类多于雌鱼。处于繁殖期
时雌性除12种物质外，78种物质的相对浓度都要低于雄性，由此我们可认为，雄鱼在七彩神仙鱼繁殖过程中起着主要的作用，雄鱼能为仔鱼提供更多的营养物质，如氨基酸及其类似物、嘌呤、嘧啶、核苷、激素、有机酸等。
繁殖间期与繁殖期内的七彩神仙鱼雌雄亲鱼体表“乳汁”中所测得的17种氨基酸的含量的变化规律显著，繁殖期与繁殖间期雌性亲鱼各氨基酸含量均显著低于雄性亲鱼（P<0.05）。雄性亲鱼进入繁殖期后各氨基酸含量均显著上升（P<0.05），而雌性则无显著变化。水解氨基酸中含量最多的种类为谷氨酸、天门冬氨酸、赖氨酸、亮氨酸。
综上，在本实验条件下，红盖子的七彩神仙鱼相较于鸽子七彩神仙鱼可为仔稚鱼提供更多的营养物质，且雄鱼较雌鱼能为仔鱼提供更多的营养物质。
关键词：七彩神仙鱼；体表乳汁；氨基酸；代谢组；繁殖间期；繁殖期
A preliminary study of discus fish (Symphysodon haraldi)
epidermal milk in the breeding period
ABSTRACT电陶炉和电磁炉有什么区别
The discus fish (Symphysodon haraldi) is an important ornamental fish, its economic value and ornamental value was high. The discus fish had an unique breeding habits, after the larva hatching the discus had a lactation period. In the breeding period, the discus would crete more mucus for the larva biting, the mucus was the milk, the milk creting status directly impacted the growing condition. Although the discus fish breeding technology had been taken, the unstable mucus creting restricted the discus fish large-scale breeding; the egg laying amount was not abundant, if we could ri the quality of the milk, the larva’s growing speed and rate of survival could ri, we can short the breeding cycle and ri the yield of discus larva. To guide the discus fish large-scale breeding, there is a necessity to study the component of the milk. Knowing the component of the milk could help us to understand the difference of variety, gender and period and lected the discus which had a better lactation ability to ri the breeding speed and quality.
To explored the component of the discus fish’s epidermal milk, the study was divided into three parts to analyze the component of epidermal milk in different breeding period. The experiment 1, collected parent fish’s epidermal milk from two kinds discus fish the pigeon blood and the solid red which is in different breeding period (interval-breeding period,egg-spawn period,hatched period,free-swimming period, free-swimming 1 week,free-swimming 2 week). To measure five components of the epiderma
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l milk, they were cortisol, IgM, total protein, lactic acid and gluco. The experiment 2, lected five parent fish in the breeding cycle, collected parent fish’s epidermal milk from interval-breeding period and free-swimming 1 week and make an metabonomic analyze for them. The experiment 3, collected parent fish’s epidermal milk from interval-breeding period and breeding period, hydrolyzed them and tested the free amino acid and tested the water content. The experiment result showed as fellow.
问好的句子>爱护公物的标语The content of cortisol, IgM, total protein, lactic acid and gluco in the epidermal milk would change significantly(P<0.05) with the sampling period. Cortisol, IgM and total protein didn’t have significant difference between different variety. The content of cortisol didn't have significant difference before the free-swimming 2 weeks except a few sampling periods, the content of cortisol had a significantly descend. The rule of IgM and total protein's changing had a descending-ascending-descending process except a few sampling periods. Lactic acid and gluco had significant(P<0.05) difference between different variety. The pigeon blood's content of lactic acid and gluco both have a descending tendency except a few sampling periods. However, the solid red's content of lactic acid and gluco both have an ascending tendency. Except in a few cas, each component didn’t have significant difference between female and male, had a tendency of alternately ri. The cortisol had
阿拉的海an inhibiting effect for IgM, total protein, lactic acid and gluco. The change of IgM and total protein had a correlation. The change of lactic acid and gluco had a correlation. The content of cortisol, IgM, total protein, lactic acid and gluco would change significantly when went into the ‘milking’ period. The solid red could support more nutrient substance for the larva.
To analyze the result of metabonomic. We can find that the difference between the female and male in the interval-breeding period was little, only 10 components had a change in the relative transcript level which could prove that the components difference between female and male in the interval-breeding period. When the female and male discus fish went into the breeding period, the female had 118 components change in the relative transcript level, the male had 78 components change in the relative transcript level, when went into the breeding period, the female 111 components in the epidermal milk would descend in the relative transcript level and 7 components in the epidermal milk would ascend in the relative transcript level, the male 78 components in the epidermal milk would descend in the relative transcript level and 20 components in the epidermal milk would ascend in the relative transcript level. The male had more substance ascending than the female. However, in the breeding period most of the relative transcript level of the components in the epidermal milk male were higher than female. Therefore, we could consider that the male discus fish played a prior role in
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the lactation period, male could provide more components for the larva, such as the amino acid and the amino acid analogue, purine, pyrimidine, nucleoside, hormone, organic acid and so on.
The change of the 17 free amino acid of the epidermal milk had a significant豆豆怎么玩
regulation in the breeding period and interval-breeding period, the content of each amino acid female was significantly(P<0.05) lower than the female whenever in the interval-breeding period or breeding period. The content of each amino acid of male would ri significantly (P<0.05) when go into the breeding period. However, the female didn’t have significant change. Most of the hydrolytic amino acid were Glu, Asp, Leu and Lys.
In conclusion, in the condition of this experiment the solid red discus fish can provide more nutrient substance for the larva than the pigeon blood discus. The male discus fish can provide more nutrient substance for the larva than the female discus.
KEY WORDS: Discus fish, epidermal milk, amino acid, metabolome, breeding period,
interval-breeding period
