SPECIFICATION FOR SEAMLESS AND WELDED AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL PIPES
SA-312/SA-312M
(Identical to ASTM Specification A312/A312M-95b except for
clarified heat treatment requirements in5.2.2.)
1.Scope
1.1This specification covers amless and straight-am welded austenitic steel pipe intended for high-temperature and general corrosive rvice.
NOTE1—When the impact test criterion for a low-temperature rvice would be15ft·lbf[20J]energy absorption or15mils[0.38 mm]lateral expansion,some of the austenitic stainless steel grades covered by this specification are accepted by certain pressure vesl
or piping codes without the necessity of making the actual test.For example,Grades TP304,TP304L,an
d TP347are accepted by the ASME Pressure Vesl Code,Section VIII Division1,and by the Chemical Plant and Refinery Piping Code,ANSI B31.3,for rvice
at temperatures as low as−425°F[−250°C]without qualification by impact tests.Other AISI stainless steel grades are usually accepted
for rvice temperatures as low as−325°F[−200°C]without impact testing.Impact testing may,under certain circumstances,be required.
For example,materials with chromium or nickel content outside the AISI ranges,and for material with carbon content exceeding0.10%,
are required to be impact tested under the rules of ASME Section
VIII Division1when rvice temperatures are lower than−50°F
[−45°C].
1.2Grades TP304H,TP309H,TP309HCb,TP310H,
TP310HCb,TP316H,TP321H,TP347H,and TP348H
are modifications of Grades TP304,TP309Cb,TP309S,
TP310Cb,TP310S,TP316,TP321,TP347,and TP348, and are intended for high-temperature rvice.
1.3Optional supplementary requirements are provided
for pipe where a greater degree of testing is desired. The supplementary requirements call for additional tests to be made and,when desired,one or more of the may be specified in the order.
1.4Table X1.1lists the dimensions of welded and amless stainless steel pipe as shown in ANSI B36.19. Pipe having other dimensions may be furnished provided such pipe complies with all other requirements of this specification.
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1.5Grades TP321and TP321H have lower strength requirements for pipe manufactured by the amless process in nominal wall thickness greater than3⁄8in.
[9.5mm].
1.6The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded parately as standard. Within the text,the SI units are shown in brackets.The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore,each system must be ud independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.The inch-pound units shall apply unless the“M”designation of this specification is specified in the order.
NOTE2—The dimensionless designator NPS(nominal pipe size) has been substituted in this standard for such traditional terms as “nominal diameter,”“size,”and“nominal size.”
2.Referenced Documents
2.1ASTM Standards:
A262Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergran-ular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels
A370Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Test-ing of Steel Products
A450/A450M Specification for General Requirements for Carbon,Ferritic Alloy,and Austenitic Alloy Steel Tubes
A530/A530M Specification for General Requirements for Specialized Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe
E112Test Methods for Determining the Average Grain Size
银行礼仪E213Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Metal Pipe and Tubing
SA-312/SA-312M1998SECTION II
E381Method of Macroetch Testing,Steel Bars,Billets, Blooms,and Forgings
E426Practice for Electromagnetic(Eddy-Current)Ex-amination of Seamless and Welded Tubular Products, Austenitic Stainless Steel,and Similar Alloys
E527Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys(UNS) 2.2ANSI Standards:
B1.20.1Pipe Threads,General Purpo苹果7壁纸
B36.10Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe
B36.19Stainless Steel Pipe
2.3AWS Standard:
A5.9Corrosion-Resisting Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Steel Welding Rods and Electrodes
2.4Other Standard:
SAE J1086Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS)
2.5Other Standard:
SNT-TC-1A Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
3.Ordering Information
3.1Orders for material to this specification should include the following,as required,to describe the desired material adequately:
3.1.1Quantity(feet,centimeters,or number of lengths),
3.1.2Name of material(austenitic steel pipe),
3.1.3Process(amless or welded),
3.1.4Grade(Table1),
3.1.5Size(NPS or outside diameter and schedule number or average wall thickness),
3.1.6Length(specific or random)(Section10),
3.1.7Endfinish(Section on Ends of Specification
A530/A530M),
3.1.8Optional requirements(Section7),
3.1.9Test report required(Certification Section of Specification A530/A530M),
3.1.10Specification number,and
3.1.11Special requirements or any supplementary requirements lected,or both.
4784.General Requirements
4.1Material furnished under this specification shall conform to the applicable requirements of the current edition of Specification A530/A530M unless otherwi provided herein.
5.Materials and Manufacture
5.1Manufacture:
5.1.1The pipe shall be made by the amless or an automatic welding process,with no addition offiller metal in the welding operation.
企业消防5.1.2“Welded pipe NPS14and smaller shall have
a single longitudinal weld.Welded pipe of a size larger than NPS14may be produced by forming and welding two longitudinal ctions offlat stock when approved by the purchar.All weld tests,examinations,inspections, or treatments are to be performed on each weld am.”
5.1.3At the manufacturer’s option,pipe may be either hotfinished or coldfinished.
5.1.4The pipe shall be free of scale and contaminating iron particles.Pickling,blasting or surfacefinishing is not mandatory when pipe is bright annealed.The purchar may request that a passivating treatment be applied.
5.2Heat Treatment:
5.2.1All pipe shall be furnished in the heat-treated condition in accordance with the requirements of Table 2.The heat-treatment procedure,except for“H”grades, S30815,S31272,S31254,S32654,N08367,and N08904 shall consist of heating the pipe to a minimu
m tempera-ture of1900°F[1040°C]and quenching in water or rapidly cooling by other means.
5.2.2All H grades shall be furnished in the solution-treated condition.For H grades,parate solution heat treatments are required for solution annealing;in-process heat treatments are not permitted as a substitute for the parate solution annealing treatments.A solution anneal-ing temperature above1950°F[1065°C]may impair the resistance to intergranular corrosion after subquent ex-posure to nsitizing conditions in TP309HCb, TP310HCb,TP321,TP321H,TP347,TP347H,TP348, and TP348H.When specified by the purchar,a lower temperature stabilization or re-solution anneal shall be ud subquent to the initial high temperature solution anneal(e Supplementary Requirement S6).
PART A—FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS SA-312/SA-312M
5.3Grain Size:
5.3.1The grain size of Grade UNS S32615,as determined in accordance with Test Methods E112, shall be No.3orfiner.作文300字
5.3.2The grain size of TP309H,TP309HCb,
TP310H and TP310HCb,as determined in accordance with Test Methods E112,shall be No.6or coarr.
5.3.3The grain size of TP321H,as determined
in accordance with Test Methods E112,shall be No.
7or coarr.
6.Chemical Composition
6.1The steel shall conform to the requirements as
to chemical composition prescribed in Table1.
7.Product Analysis
7.1At the request of the purchar,an analysis of one billet or one length offlat-rolled stock from each heat,or two pipes from each lot shall be made by the manufacturer.A lot of pipe shall consist of the following number of lengths of the same size and wall thickness from any one heat of steel:
NPS Designator Lengths of Pipe in Lot
Under2400or fraction thereof
2to5200or fraction thereof
6and over100or fraction thereof
7.2The results of the analys shall be reported
to the purchar or the purchar’s reprentative,and shall conform to the requirements specified in Section6. 7.3If the analysis of one of the tests specified in 7.1does not conform to the requirements specified in Section6,an analysis of each billet or pipe from the same heat or lot may be made,and all billets or pipe conforming to the requirements shall be accepted.
8.Tensile Requirements
8.1The tensile properties of the material shall con-form to the requirements prescribed in Table3.
9.Mechanical Tests and Grain Size
Determinations Required
9.1Transver or Longitudinal Tension Test—One tension test shall be made on a specimen for lots of
479not more than100pipes.Tension tests shall be made on specimens from two tubes for lots of more than 100pipes.
NOTE3—The term“lot,”for mechanical tests,applies to all pipe of the same diameter and wall thickness(or schedule)which are produced from the same heat of steel and subjected to the same finishing treatment:(1)in a continuous heat-treatment furnace,or (2)in a batch-type heat-treatment furnace,equipped with recording pyrometers and automatically controlled within a50°F[30°C]range, the larger of:(a)Each200ft[60m]or fraction thereof or,(b) That pipe heat treated in the same batch furnace charge.
9.2Flattening Test—For material heat treated in
a batch-type furnace,flattening tests shall be made on 5%of the pipe from each heat-treated lot.For material heat treated by the continuous process,this test shall be made on a sufficient number of pipe to constitute 5%of the lot,but in no ca less than two lengths of pipe.
9.2.1For welded pipe a transver-guided face bend test of the weld may be conducted instead of a flattening test in accordance with the method outlined in the steel tubular product supplement of Test Methods and Definitions A370.The ductility of the weld shall be considered acceptable when there is no evidence of cracks in the weld or between the weld and the ba metal after bending.Test specimens from5%of the lot shall be taken from the pipe or test plates of the same material as the pipe,the test plates being attached to the end of the cylinder and welded as a prolongation of the pipe longitudinal am.
9.3Hydrostatic Test—Each length offinished pipe shall be subjected to the hydrostatic test in accordance with Specification A530/A530M,unless specifically exempted under the provisions of9.4and9.5.
9.4For pipe who dimensions equal or exceed NPS 10,the purchar with the agreement of the manufacturer may waive the hydrostatic test requirement when in lieu of such test the purchar performs a system test. Each length of pipe furnished without the completed manufacturer’s hydrostatic test shall include with the mandatory markings the letters“NH.”
9.5Nondestructive Examination:
9.5.1As an alternative to the hydrostatic test,and when specified by the purchar,each pipe shall be examined with a nondestructive test in accordance with Practice E213,or E426.Unless specifically called out by the purchar,the lection of the nondestructive electric test will be at the option of the manufacturer. The range of pipe sizes that may be examined by each method shall be subject to the limitations in the scope of the respective practices.
SA-312/SA-312M1998SECTION II
9.5.2The following information is for the benefit
of the ur of this specification.
9.5.2.1The reference standards defined in9.5.2.2 through9.5.2.5are convenient standards for calibration
of nondestructive testing equipment.The dimensions
of the standards should not be construed as the minimum size imperfection detectable by such equipment.
9.5.2.2The ultrasonic testing(UT)can be per-formed to detect both longitudinally and circumferen-tially oriented defects.It should be recognized that different techniques should be employed to detect differ-ently oriented imperfections.The examination may not detect short,deep defects.
9.5.2.3The eddy-current testing(ET)referenced
in this specification,(Practice E426),has the capability
of detecting significant discontinuities,especially the short abrupt type.
9.5.2.4A purchar interested in ascertaining
the nature(type,size,location,and orientation)of discontinuities that can be detected in the specific application of the examinations should discuss this with the manufacturer of the tubular product.
9.5.3Time of Examination:
9.5.3.1Nondestructive testing for specification acceptance shall be performed after all mechanical processing,heat treatments,and straightening opera-tions.This requirement does not preclude additional testing at earlier stages in the processing.
9.5.4Surface Condition:
9.5.4.1All surfaces shall be free of scale,dirt, grea,paint,or other foreign material that could inter-fere with interpretation of test results.The methods ud for cleaning and preparing the surfaces for exami-nation shall not be detrimental to the ba metal or
环成语
the surfacefinish.
9.5.4.2Excessive surface roughness or deep scratches can produce signals that interfere with the test.
9.5.5Extent of Examination:
9.5.5.1The relative motion of the pipe and the transducer(s),coil(s),or nsor(s)shall be such that
the entire pipe surface is scanned,except as in9.5.5.2.
9.5.5.2The existence of end effects is recog-nized,and the extent of such effects shall be determined
by the manufacturer,and,if requested,shall be reported
to the purchar.Other nondestructive tests may be
480applied to the end areas,subject to agreement between the purchar and the manufacturer.
9.5.6Operator Qualifications:
9.5.6.1The test unit operator shall be certified in accordance with SNT-TC-1A,or an equivalent recog-nized and documented standard.
9.5.7Test Conditions:
9.5.7.1For eddy-current testing,the excitation coil frequency shall be chon to ensure adequate penetration yet provide good signal-to-noi-ratio.
9.5.7.2The maximum eddy-current coil fre-quency ud shall be as follows:
On specified walls up to0.050in.-100KHz max
On specified walls up to0.150in.-50KHz max
On specified walls up to0.150in.-10KHz max
9.5.7.3Ultrasonic-For examination by the ultra-sonic method,the minimum nominal transducer fre-quency shall be2.00MHz and the maximum nominal transducer size shall be1.5in.
(a)If the equipment contains a reject noticefilter tting,this shall remain off during calibration and testing unless linearity can be demonstrated at that tting.
9.5.8Reference Standards:
9.5.8.1Reference standards of convenient length shall be prepared from a length of pipe of the same grade,size(NPS,or outside diameter and schedule or wall thickness),surfacefinish and heat treatment condi-tion as the pipe to be examined.
9.5.8.2For Ultrasonic Testing,the reference ID and OD notches shall be any one of the three common notch shapes shown in Practice E213,at the option of the manufacturer.The depth of each notch shall not exceed121⁄2%of the specified nominal wall thickness of the pipe or0.004in.,whichever is greater.The width of the notch shall not exceed twice the depth. Notches shall be placed on both the OD and ID surfaces.
9.5.8.3For Eddy-Current Testing,the reference standard shall contain,at the option of the manufacturer, any one of the following discontinuities:
(a)Drilled Hole—The reference standard shall contain three or more holes,equally spaced circumferen-tially around the pipe and longitudinally parated by a sufficient distance to allow distinct identification of the signal from each hole.The holes shall be drilled radially and completely through the pipe wall,with care being taken to avoid distortion of the pipe while
PART A—FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS SA-312/SA-312M
< hole shall be drilled in the weld,if visible. Alternately,the producer of welded pipe may choo
to drill one hole in the weld and run the calibration standard through the test coils three times with the weld each pass.The hole diameter shall vary with NPS as follows:
NPS Designator Hole Diameter
1⁄20.039in.(1mm)
above1⁄2to1-1⁄40.055in.(1.4mm)
above1-1⁄4to20.071in.(1.8mm)
above2to50.087in.(2.2mm)
above50.106in.(2.7mm)
(b)Transver Tangential Notch-Using a round tool
orfile with a1⁄4in.(6.4mm)diameter,a notch shall
befiled or milled tangential to the surface and transver
to the longitudinal axis of the pipe.Said notch shall have a depth not exceeding12-1⁄2%of the specified nominal wall thickness of the pipe or0.004in.[0.102 mm],whichever is greater.
(c)Longitudinal Notch-A less in width shall be machined in a radial plane parallel to
the tube axis on the outside surface of the pipe,to have a depth not exceeding12-1⁄2%of the specified wall thickness of the pipe or0.004in.,whichever is greater.The length of the notch shall be compatible with the testing method.
9.5.8.4More or smaller reference discontinuities,
or both,may be ud by agreement between the pur-char and the manufacturer.
9.5.9Standardization Procedure:
9.5.9.1The test apparatus shall be standardized
at the beginning and end of each ries of pipes of
the same size(NPS or diameter and schedule or wall thickness),Grade and heat treatment condition,and at intervals not exceeding4h.More frequent standardiza-tion may be performed at the manufacturer’s option
or may be required upon agreement between the pur-char and the manufacturer.
9.5.9.2The test apparatus shall also be standard-ized after any change in test system ttings,change
of operator,equipment repair,or interruption due to power loss,process shutdown or when a problem is suspected.
9.5.9.3The reference standard shall be pasd through the test apparatus at the same speed and test system ttings as the pipe to be tested.
9.5.9.4The signal-to-noi ratio for the reference standard shall be2-1⁄2to1or greater.Extraneous signals caud by identifiable caus such as dings, scratches,dents,straightener marks,etc.,shall not be
481considered noi.The rejection amplitude shall be ad-justed to be at least50%of full scale of the readout display.
9.5.9.5If upon any standardization,the rejection amplitude has decread by29%(3dB)of peak height from the last standardization,the pipe since the last calibration shall be rejected.The test system ttings may be changed,or the transducer(s),coil(s)or nsor(s) adjusted,and the unit restandardized,but all pipe tested since the last acceptable standardization must be retested for acceptance.
9.5.10Evaluation of Imperfections:
9.5.10.1Pipes producing a signal equal to or greater than the lowest signal produced by the referenc
e standard(s)shall be identified and parated from the acceptable pipes.The area producing the signal may be reexamined.
9.5.10.2Such pipes shall be rejected if the test signal was produced by imperfections that cannot be identified or was produced by crack or crack-like imper-fections.The pipes may be repaired per Sections11 and12.To be accepted,a repaired pipe must pass the same non-destructive test by which it was rejected,and it must meet the minimum wall thickness requirements of this specification.
9.5.10.3If the test signals were produced by visual imperfections such as:
(a)Scratches;
(b)Surface roughness;
(c)Dings;
(d)Straightener marks;
(e)Cutting chips;
(f)Steel die stamps;
鬼怪故事(g)Stop marks,or;
(h)Pipe reducer ripple.
The pipe may be accepted bad on visual examina-tion provided the imperfection is less than0.004in.
[0.1mm]or12-1⁄2%of the specified wall thickness (whichever is greater).
9.5.10.4Rejected pipe may be reconditioned and retested providing the wall thickness is not decread to less than that required by this or the product specifica-tion.The outside diameter at the point of grinding may be reduced by the amount so removed.To be accepted, retested pipe shall meet the test requirement.
9.5.10.5If the imperfection is explored to the extent that it can be identified as non-rejectable,the pipe may be accepted without further test providing
SA-312/SA-312M1998SECTION II
the imperfection does not encroach on the minimum wall thickness.
9.6Grain Size—Grain size determinations on grades
TP309H,TP309HCb,TP310H,TP310HCb,and UNS
S32615shall be made on the same number of tubes
as prescribed for theflattening test.
10.Lengths
10.1Pipe lengths shall be in accordance with the following regular practice:
10.1.1Unless otherwi agreed upon,all sizes from NPS1⁄8to and including NPS8are available in a length up
to24ft[Note4]with the permissible range of15to24ft [Note4].Short lengths are acceptable and the number and minimum length shall be agreed upon between the manu-facturer and the purchar.
NOTE4—This value(s)applies when the inch-pound designation
of this specification is the basis of purcha.When the“M”designation
of this specification is the basis of purcha,the corresponding metric value(s)shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchar.
10.1.2If definite cut lengths are desired,the lengths required shall be specified in the order.No pipe shall
be under the specified length and not more than1⁄4in. [6mm]over that specified.
10.1.3No jointers are permitted unless otherwi specified.
11.Workmanship,Finish,and Appearance
11.1Thefinished pipes shall be reasonably straight and shall have a workmanlikefinish.Imperfections may
be removed by grinding,provided the wall thickness
are not decread to less than that permitted in Section
8of Specification A530/A530M.
12.Repair by Welding
12.1For welded pipe who diameter equals or exceeds NPS6,and who nominal wall thickness equals or exceeds0.200,weld repairs made with the addition of compatiblefiller metal may be made to
the weld am with the same procedures specified for plate defects in the ction on Repair by Welding of Specification A530/A530M.
12.2Weld repairs of the weld am shall not exceed 20%of the am length.
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12.3Weld repairs shall be made only with the gas tungsten-arc welding process using the same classifica-tion of barefiller rod qualified to the most current AWS Specification A5.9as the grade of stainless steel pipe being repaired and as shown in Table4.
12.4Pipes that have had weld am repairs with filler metal shall be uniquely identified and shall be so stated and identified on the certificate of tests. 13.Certification
13.1In addition to the information required by Specification A530/A530M,the certification shall state whether or not the material was hydrostatically tested.If the material was nondestructively tested,the certification shall so state and shall show which standard practice was followed and what reference discontinuities were ud.
14.Marking
繁体中文输入法
14.1In addition to the marking specified in Specifica-tion A530/A530M,the marking shall include the NPS(nominal pipe size)and schedule,heat numbering and NH when hydrotesting is not performed and ET when eddy-current testing is performed or UT when ultrasonic testing is performed.The marking shall also include the manufacturer’s private identifying mark,the marking requirement of9.4,if applicable,and whether amless or welded.For Grades TP304H,TP316H, TP321H,TP347H,TP348H,and S30815,the marking shall also include the heat number and heat-treatment lot identification.If specified in the purcha order,the marking for pipe larger than NPS4shall include the weight.
15.Government Procurement
无偿献血活动总结15.1Scale Free Pipe for Government Procurement:
15.1.1When specified in the contract or order, the following requirements shall be considered in the inquiry,contract or order,for agencies of the U.S. Government where scale free pipe or tube is required. The requirements shall take precedence if there is a conflict between the requirements and the product specifications.
15.1.2The requirements of Specification A530/A 530M for pipe and Specification A450/A450M for tubes shall be applicable when pipe or tube is ordered to this specification.
