简化结构、回补成分和还原句子——三步骤解析长难句
本人一直提倡利用简化结构、回补成分和还原句子三个步骤来解析长难句，其意义在于通过简化、回补和还原的过程，可以快速准确锁定主谓结构，明确语法关系，培养语感，抓住句子的核心并理解句子的意义。下面继续挑选五个句子进行解析，供英语爱好者参考。
第一句
原句：
To figure out how much power the devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device.
解析：
1. 简化结构：扁骨
…
, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues … tracked the environmental costs … — ….
教资面试流程>轻视英语
简化后的句子呈现简单句主谓宾结构，Callie Babbitt and her colleagues是并列主语，tracked是谓语，the environmental costs是宾语。
2. 回补成分：
2.1 To figure out how much power the devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues… tracked the environmental costs… — ….
国庆节作文400字按序回补句子成分，动词不定式短语to figure out … 是目的状语修饰谓语tracked，由疑问副词how引导的从句how much power the devices are using是动词词组figure out的宾语从句。
2.2 To figure out how much power the devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New Yorktracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life, — ….
如何学做包子
继续回补句子成分，介词短语at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York作后置定语修饰并列主语Callie Babbitt and her colleagues，介词短语for each product throughout its life作后置定语修饰costs。
2.3 To figure out how much power the devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device.
最后回补所有成分，还原句子，破折号—是以标点，非语言手段连接前后句子成分，旨在对前述内容作进一步的扩展，即解释说明。介词词组from…to各自接由疑问副词when引导的从句作宾语。鲶鱼汤的做法
3. 小结：
本句比较长，但并不太复杂，需要注意的是本句的平衡处理的非常好，句首是较长的动词不定式接宾语从句的状语，主句的主语和谓语分隔较远，破折号引导的介词词组接宾语从句处于句尾，层次分明，平衡得当。
第二句
原句：
The show, which ran from 1993-2000, followed a teenage boy who curiosity about life leads him into some hilarious adventures while growing up alongside his friends and family.
解析：
1. 简化结构：
The show, …, followed a teenage boy ….漫画老师
简化后的句子为简单句， The show是主语，followed是谓语，a teenage boy是宾语。
2. 回补成分：
2.1 The show, which ran from 1993-2000, followed a teenage boy …
回补后的成分是主语the show的非限定性定语，将主谓成分分隔开，这种结构往往造成信息传递障碍，尤其是分隔部分比较长的情况下。
2.2 The show, which ran from 1993-2000, followed a teenage boy who curiosity about life leads him into some hilarious adventures ….
继续回补的成分，是主句宾语的定语从句，关系代词who在从句中作主语curiosity的定语，同时引导定语从句，谓语是leads，介词短语about life作后置定语修饰curiosity，介词短语into some hilarious adventures作从句的状语修饰谓语动词lead。2.3The show, which ran from 1993-2000, followed a teenage boy who curiosity about life leads him into some hilarious adventures while growing up alongside his friends and family.
最后回补成分，还原句子，由关联词while引导现在分词短语growing …做状语修饰，修饰定语从句中的谓语lead，介词短语alongside …作现在分词growing的状语。需要注意的是，根据上下文，现在分词growing的逻辑主语是其所在的定语从句中的宾语him，因逻辑关系明确清晰因而采用while growing…这种省略形式，可以还原成表示时间的状语从句：while he grew up alongside his friends and family。
3. 小结：
本句虽然不算长，但比较复杂，有分隔成分和省略成分，信息传递不够流畅，给理解造成一定的困难。
第三句：
原句：
That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by, or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-bad communications — using apps like FaceTime or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity.
解析：
1. 简化结构：
That might mean either developing …, or abandoning … and moving … — ….
简化后的句子为简单句，主谓宾结构清晰明了，主语是代词That，谓语是情态助动词might和动词mean，宾语是三个动名词developing，abandoning和moving，是并列宾语，副词either作状语并和连词or形成either…or结构。本句因并列成分多，为简明计，把动名词所带的宾语省略。
2. 回补成分：
2.1 That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, …, or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-bad communications — ….
回补后的成分包括，第一个并列宾语developing所带的宾语a uniform way to mark videos and images，其中动词不定式短语to mark videos and images作定语修饰way，第二个并列宾语abandoning所带的phone calls作宾语和副词altogether作状语，第三个并列宾语moving所带的towards data-bad communications作状语。2.2That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by, or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-bad commun
ications — ….
继续回补后的成分是现在分词showing引导的短语作状语修饰动词不定式to mark，同时接由疑问副词when和关系代词who引导的宾语从句。2.3That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by, or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-bad communications — using apps like FaceTime or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity.
董事长致辞
