机械键盘清洗大学四级-1779
(总分712,考试时间90分钟)
Part Ⅰ Writing
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: The Best Way to Stay Healthy. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chine:
1. 1. 锻炼身体和平衡饮食
东山再起典故2. 哪个是保持健康的最佳办法
3. 我的观点
王勃是哪个朝代Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.
For questions 1- 7, mark
Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;
N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;
NG (for NOT GIVEN ) if the information is not given in the passage.
For questions 8-10, complete the ntences with the information given in the passage.
英语手抄报六年级上册
Chimp (黑猩猩) Show Hallmark of Human Culture, Study Finds
Rearchers have discovered that chimpanzees not only teach each other new and uful behaviors, but conform to their group's preferred techniques for performing them--a hallmark of human culture.
Obrvers have previously reported that wild chimps demonstrate more than three dozen different behaviors that have no apparent ecological or genetic origin. This diversity suggests that there are distinct ape cultures.
The notion assumes that chimps transmit culture--teaching and learning behaviors generation after generation. But the theory is very difficult to test and prove in a controlled experiment outside of a laboratory.
翟鸿桑
So rearchers at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland and Emory University in Atlanta devid an experiment to test the proposition. The results were published online August 21 in the science journal Nature.白洁系列
Learning and Teaching
The scientists constructed a box in which a desirable food was hidden behind a trap. Captive chimps could relea the food by using a stick to move the trap in either of two ways. Rearchers dubbed the the "poke" and "lift" methods.
Scientists then isolated a high-ranking female of one group from **panions and taught her the poke method to relea food. A female of high rank from a cond group was taught the lift method.
None of the other members of the groups were allowed to watch the training.
Finally, rearchers ud a third group as a control, prenting them with the box and sticks, but teaching them nothing about how to u them.春秋五霸之首
Scientists then let the chimp groups watch their matriarch (女家长) u the technique she had learned. To get the food, each dominant female consistently ud the method she had been taught. The other chimps watched, often intenly, for over 36 hours spread over ten days.
During this period, 15 chimps in the two study groups successfully ud one method or the other to get food, and they picked up the behavior quickly. Median times for learning the techniques in both groups were under a minute.
In the meantime, the six chimps in the control group were stymied. In more than four hours of manipulating the sticks, they were unable to extract a single piece of food.
Some chimps in the "lift" group discovered the poke method, and some in the "poke" c
ulture discovered lifting. But they were a small minority. When the apparatus was reintroduced two months later, the chimps reverted to their own culture's preferred method.
This, the rearchers maintain, provides evidence of a "conformist bias". The animals discount their own experience and instead adopt the behavior of the group, just as humans do.
"This is a very nice experimental tup," said Diana Reiss, a rearch scientist with the Bronx, New York-bad Wildlife Conrvation Society, who was not involved in the study. "It was controlled for bias, and included a control group where there was no trained expert. The tup eliminated the problem of learning by interacting with humans."
The rearchers believe they have demonstrated for the first time an ability among chimpanzees to transmit alternative technologies and alternative methods of using tools.学做小笼包
Monkey See, Monkey Do
"When all the different wild chimp behaviors were discovered in the field, there was controversy." said Frans de Waal, a professor of primate behavior at Emory University and study co-author. "Some scientists claimed it was social learning. Others claimed there were other possible explanations--individual learning, genetic differences, ecological variables, and so on."
