大学英语四级分类模拟题409
Reading Comprehension
Section A
Gender equality is a well-defined by-product of human development. It always 1 to how to focus attention on women empowerment. Meanwhile women empowerment confronts challenges 2 in translating the responsibilities to gender equality into action. Gender discrimination is the prime 3 of endemic (地方性的) poverty leading to skyrocketing HIV prevalence. With一氧化碳还原四氧化三铁
a 4 to making gender equality a reality as a core commitment, women empowerment has to be the stepping stone to sustainable development.
HIV/AIDS epidemic is 5 in Africa and mounting all over the world mostly due to gender discrimination, stigmatization (偏见) and unsafe x practice. To make the spread of epidemic flagged (使衰退), widening gender gaps must be 6 . Nowadays young women and girls are at a much higher risk than men. According to the findings of surveys and ca studies conducted in Africa, adolescent girls are 5-6 times more likely to be 7 by HIV virus than boys. According to the social development specialist a
nd AIDS rearcher Mohammad Khairul Alam, "It should be realized that there is no alternative to develop and enhance life skills of 8 girls and women to cope with epidemic. They may be assisted on the 9 levels to become engaged in grooming their confidence and organized. At the same time, their voices should be allowed to be heard loud and clear. Thus the collective effort of women is born with the n or purpo that they will be stirred up to share perceptions improving their 10 to reproductive health related information and rvices."
A. abandoned I. inclines
B. access J. infected
C. breaking K. raging
D. combated L. source
E. competitively M. various
F. conrvative N. view
G. constantly O. vulnerable
H. happens
Section B
How to Build Team Spirit
A. It is a well-known fact that an organisation can achieve a greater success if a few people get united and work towards a goal together. An ordinary team can perform better provided they are motivated. There are many instances, where a team approach has succeeded better compared to an organisation which is riddled with politics and managers who only think about themlves.
B. In fact this is a basic problem among many people as they always tend to develop "Frog Syndrome." The frog syndrome does not allow other colleagues to go up the ladder, which leads the organisation to become an ordinary organisation. Today the biggest problem many companies are facing is how to develop team spirit among people. This is a very crucial point for the organisation to make difference in today's highly competitive environ ment. How can we develop such things today? Of cour, there are many ways which are given below.
C. The role of manager is to ensure that the people become cohesive (有
凝聚力的) and feel proud to be the members of the team. It is quite possible provided the manager himlf is a team leader. He has to t the right target, create enthusiasm among the people, develop a positive attitude among the people and motivate them at the right time. If done, it is nothing that succeeds like success.对象捕捉
D. Right team spirit brings within the organisation a vibrant feeling to an insider as well as outsider. There is always willingness to walk an extra mile among people to achieve the t objective. This leads to more congenial (令人愉快的) atmosphere within the organisation. How many companies have succeeded in doing the same? Does it bring smile to an ordinary person working in the organisation? If yes, that organisation really can survive for a longer time.
E. A happy employee always tends to achieve better. Many companies tend to take care of external customer but tend to forget the internal customers. Hence, companies should do retrospective (回顾的) analysis on satisfaction level of the internal employee. But how many companies bother to do that?
A real smile can help the organisation to achieve better sales becau SMILE = Sell More in Less Effort. How many people can bring smile on the face of a person? Therefore, there are few organisations which excel. However, this is possible provided the manager becomes a mentor.
F. People always look towards a manager as mentor who can correct, guide and give constructive criticism. Manager should go where the colleagues working under him require him to go. He should help his colleagues during the need of the hour. Can a manager develop himlf to be a mentor so that people can rely on his advice? A manager, if redevelop himlf as a mentor, can definitely bring the team spirit among the people. But how many managers can be a mentor? Many times a manager himlf is a grumbler (爱发牢骚的人) and creates a polluted environment within the organisation as his personality may not be fit to do a particular job. Therefore, a manager should analy his own personality along with his colleagues' and ensure that his personality along with his colleagues' personality be suited to do the particular job. Application of sales grid (方格) approaches will definitely help him to understand his own personality as well as his colleagues'. This analysis can help to take corrective action and will create greater n of responsibility and motivation among the people. We must motivate ourlves to motivate others.
G. This is possible provided a manager make the job more challenging. In fact during a survey conducted by the author in India, the No. 1 motivator factor is job enrichment. How many managers try to create innovations in their job functions of their colleagues and associates? How many managers remove the fear of instability? How many managers ask themlves what new things they
or their teams have done? If this is done regularly, the demotivation does not ari. Ordinary people can perform extraordinary things provided they bring the motivation and team spirit among the people. This is quite possible and a manager has a role to play. He should be proactive (主动的) in building team spirit and take action.
H. There are certain people who becau of the past experience can destroy the team spirit. Therefore, it is suggested that managers should identify "this grumbler" at right time and take corrective measures immediately. The cancerous cell should not be allowed to develop or proliferate (扩散). A proper counling can help the manager to correct the situation. He should not develop a dual personality. For example, in the office the tap is leaking, however, he does not bother as he feels that it is the job of administration but when he goes home he makes sure that the leakage of the tap is corrected. The dichotomy (分裂) behavior of the person cannot help him to develop team
spirit. The manager should develop fatherhood of a spastic (痉挛的) child who is very caring, understanding his child. He has to therefore correct him, mend him with hope that the future will be bright.
I. Managers must educate a colleague while working. A study among the field force revealed that the
field reprentatives like to have a leader who is good at product knowledge and lling skills. During the visit of a leader if he ensures that he gives one or two new points to his colleagues, then the interaction between the two becomes more fruitful. Fox example, if a zonal manager visits his team, he may take up the product training in the conference or during the field work followed by a written test of the same subject. This concept was tried by the author in one of his client's companies wherein he noticed that the reprentative never ud to respect his nior becau of his lack of knowledge on the product. This process of inculcating (教授) the habit of interactions between the two brought a better team spirit and respect for each other. This activity resulted into higher productivity of the area.
11、 If the manager develops himlf as a team leader, it may increa the possibility of people feeling proud to be members of the team.
12、 Companies devote themlves to making their employees happy becau this can help them achieve better sales performance in less effort.
13、 Managers shall identify people who destroy the team spirit and correct the situation by proper counling.
14、 It is difficult for many managers to become a mentor who can offer reliable advice to their colleagues at the right time.
15、 According to a study, field reprentatives would like their manager having a good command of product knowledge and lling skills.
搞笑的电影
16、 The analysis of a manager's personality and his colleagues' may make people more responsible and motivated.
17、 Sometimes the managers in some companies hinder the way of other colleagues' career development.
稻川会18、 A survey shows the most effective motivator factor is job enrichment.
19、 A manager should not develop a dual personality becau it is not good for the development of team spirit.
消毒毛巾
20、 Right team spirit can create a relaxing atmosphere within the company, which will benefit the company in a long run.裂脚亚目
Section C
Passage One
Future historians will be in a unique position when they come to record the history of our own times. They will hardly know which facts to lect from the great mass of evidence that steadily accumulates. What's more, they will not have to rely solely on the written words. Films, gramophone (留声机) records and magnetic tapes will provide them with a puzzling amount of information. They will be able, as it were, to e and hear us in action. But the historian attempting to reconstruct the distant past is always faced with a difficult task. He has to deduce what he can from the few scanty clues available. Even emingly insignificant remains can shed interesting light on the history of early man.
Up to now, historians have assumed that calendars came into being with the advent (来临) of agriculture, for then man was faced with a real need to understand something about the asons. Recent scientific evidence ems to indicate that this assumption is incorrect.
Historians have long been puzzled by dots, lines and symbols which have
been engraved on walls, bones, and the ivory teeth of mammoths (猛犸象). The nomads who made the markings lived by hunting and fishing during the last Ice Age, which began about 35,000 B.C.
and ended about 10,000 B.C. By correlating markings made in various parts of the world, historians have been able to read this difficult code. They have found that it is connected with the passage of days and phas of the moon. It is, in fact, a primitive type of calendar. It has long been known that the hunting scenes depicted on walls were not simply a form of artistic expression. They had a definite meaning, for they were as near as early man could get to writing. It is possible that there is a definite relation between the paintings and the markings that sometimes accompany them. It ems that man was making a real effort to understand the asons 20,000 years earlier than has been suppod.
21、 Compared with the historians investigating the distant past, future historians ______.
A. have to depend only on the written words to get related information
B. may feel more puzzled facing so much information
C. have more evidence and resources to get related information
D. may have difficulty in collecting related information
22、 Why did historians assume calendars came into being with the emergence of agriculture?
A. The markings the nomads ud to record dates had clo relationship with agriculture.
B. The codes depicted on the nomads' walls were all about agriculture.
C. Man needed to understand something about asons when developing agriculture.
快有家
D. The passage of days and the phas of the moon were recorded according to agriculture asons.
23、 How have historians been able to read the markings made by nomads?
A. By correlating paintings that accompany them.
B. By studying the dots, lines and symbols made by nomads.
C. By deducing what they can only from markings of the same place.
D. By connecting them with other markings in various parts of the world.
24、 What is the scientific rearch result that has recently come to light?
A. Nomads traveled widely in various parts of the world.
B. Calendars came into being earlier than we ud to assume.
C. Nomads carved the bones and teeth of the animals they killed.
D. The markings nomads carved on walls had a definite meaning.
25、 What do we learn about the paintings found on the walls?
A. They have a definite relation with the markings.
B. They contain no more meanings except their artistic merits.
C. They are thought to be disconnected with ancient calendars.
D. They are invariably accompanied by dots, lines and symbols. Passage Two
Increasingly lax office culture means we have not two wardrobes (衣柜)—work and play—but one. Is anything allowed at work?
When Emily Birch got dresd for work on a recent Monday morning, she didn't plug in the iron, and she didn't pull out a can of starch (淀粉类食物). She didn't even arch for a lint roller. Birch, 46, hop
ped out of bed and donned (穿上) the first thing she could find. "An ancient old tie-dyed T-shirt and a pair of army shorts," she says, laughing. "I just sort of threw on clothes." Thusly prepped, she ate breakfast and went into the office—by walking into the next room.
As a Pennsylvania-bad editor for a California publishing company, Birch
is one of the country's growing number of telecommuters. For her, "going into work" is walking over from her bedroom into her home office, where she sometimes checks e-mail in her pajamas. "I'm spending less money on clothes, becau I'm not dressing up for other people," she says.
Telecommuting is changing our culture—and so are the fields we're choosing to work in. The Department of Labor calls computer-system design and related rvices "among the fastest growing industries in the economy", and says ctors of software engineering and data systems are the most likely to surge over the next years—jobs you can do from anywhere, no-suit-required. Sartorial strictures have been looning for decades. The start-up ethos (风气) of the 1990s dotcom boom meant jeans and T-shirts took the place of cuff links and pocket squares. Suits, and being a suit, were out of style. And as tech companies like Apple, Google, and Microsoft helped create a nation of mobile workers, each company helped entrench the notion that looking smart isn't as material as bei
ng smart. Google cofounder Sergey Brin, for example, describes his company's dress code as that of an "untidy student", and Google's relaxed attitude toward dress and hours (as well as its friendliness toward working remotely) is part of its allure for employees. Tho same lax standards have eped into other ctors: Centuries-old American companies like Ford, Procter & Gamble, and General Motors have allowed their employees in most departments to dress casually.
26、 What is the current trend at work discusd in the passage?
A. Flexible working hours. C. Working remotely.
B. Dressing casually. D. Relaxed attitude towards work.
27、 What does the author say about Birch?
红烧牛肉
A. She opens her own company at home.
B. She lives in California now.
C. She does her work at home.
D. She doesn't like dressing up for other people.
28、 What do we learn about telecommuting from the passage?
A. It influences the field we choo to work in.
B. It is the fastest growing industry in the developed world.
C. It will be the most potential industry over the next five years.
D. It leads to the change of our work culture.
29、 What's the view of the Department of Labor on ctors of software and data system?
A. They are the fastest growing industry.
B. They will develop steadily over the next years.
C. They will e a sudden great increa in the next years.
D. They provide jobs that require employees to wear suits.
30、 What do we learn from the last paragraph?
A. Lax office culture has just started.
B. Some companies think good looking doesn't mean anything.
C. Google's relaxed attitude mainly aims to attract employees.
D. Old companies aren't interested in lax standards.
答案:
Reading Comprehension
Section A
