古埃及是如何酿造啤酒的？文化外刊
困惑的近义词Some 5,600 years ago, people in the Egyptian city of Hierakonpolis did something that's still a very popular activity today: they brewedand drank beer.
直发图片
大约5600年前，埃及希拉孔波利斯的居民做了一件至今仍然广为流行的事情:酿造啤酒，喝啤酒。水晶宫足球俱乐部
We know this becau archaeologists examining the area near the ruins of a cemeteryfor the elite discovered a structure containing five ceramic vats that would have been heated from below.
我们知道这一点是因为考古学家科考了精英公墓遗址附近的区域，发现了一个包含五个陶瓷大桶的结构体，这些大桶可以从下面加热。
Residues in the vats confirmed that they had once made beer.
酒桶里的残留物证实了埃及人曾酿造啤酒。
"And it's estimated that if the five vats were operating at the same time, 325 liters would have been produced, which is equal to 650 cans of Budweir."
“据估计，如果这5个大桶同时运转，可以生产325升(650罐)百威啤酒。”
Texas Tech University microbiologist Moamen Elmassry.
莫阿门.艾尔玛思瑞是德克萨斯理工大学的微生物学家。
He says this ancient beer would have tasted very different from what our modern palates are ud to.
他表示，这种古老的啤酒和现代人习惯的啤酒味道大不相同。
The Egyptian beer makers did u malted wheat and barley in the brewing process.
在酿造过程中，埃及啤酒制造商确实使用了麦芽和大麦。
But no one had mastered carbonation yet.
但是，当时还未掌握碳酸化技术。
So the resulting brew was a flat, unfiltered malt beverage with a low alcohol content.
关联词语都有哪些所以，酿造出来的是没有过滤的麦芽饮料，酒精含量很低。
Elmassry's colleagues recently sampled thick,dark deposits from the Hierakonpolis vats.
最近，艾尔玛思瑞的同事从希拉孔波利斯大桶中取样了又厚又黑的沉积物。
The chemical analysis confirmed that they were indeed the product of beer making and not some other fermented food.
化学分析证实，它们确实是啤酒生产的产物而非其他发酵食品。
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The tests also revealed other ingredients ancient Egyptians put in their beer.
分析还发现了古埃及人在啤酒中加入的其他成分。
The rearchers found a high concentration of the amino acid proline, which is abundant i
n dates and some other fruits.
研究人员发现了高浓度的氨基酸脯氨酸，这种酸在枣和其他一些水果中含量丰富。
"This result suggests that dates could have been ud or incorporated in the beer for flavor."
“这一结果表明，枣子可能被加入到啤酒中来调味。”
And maybe to add some sweet notes.
也许还能让啤酒更甜。
Hops which act as both a flavoring and a prervative weren't added to beer until medieval times.
直到中世纪，啤酒花(调味品和防腐剂)才被添加到啤酒中。
"The u of hops was unknown to the ancient Egyptians and we think that they ud phosphoric acid to prerve their beer."
“古埃及人不知道如何使用啤酒花，我们认为，他们使用磷酸来保存啤酒。”
The residues were indeed high in phosphoric acid, a product of barley grains added during the fermentation process.
这些残留物中确实有大量磷酸，这是在发酵过程中添加大麦颗粒的产物。
Phosphoric acid is often ud today to prolong the shelf life of alcoholic beverages.
现在，磷酸常被用来延长酒精饮料的保质期。
Phosphoric acid via barley would have made it possible to mass produce beer, store it for extended periods and even transport it all consistent with the important role beer played in ancient Egyptian society.
大麦中的磷酸可以使得啤酒得以大量生产，长时间储存，甚至可以被运输，从而使得啤酒在古埃及社会扮演着重要角色。
It not only provided hydration and nutrition but was also part of religious rituals among the
elite.
啤酒不仅提供水分和营养，也是精英举行的宗教仪式的一部分。
The study is in the journal Scientific Reports.
梦到男朋友死了这项研究发表于杂志《科学报告》。
Studying ancient beer has allowed Elmassry to reflect on the interction of science and history.
对古代啤酒的研究让艾尔玛思瑞反思科学和历史的交集。
"I teach a microbiology lab, and we brew beer in the lab and the students e the whole fermentation process.
“我负责一个微生物实验室，我们在实验室酿造啤酒,学生观看整个发酵过程。
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And thinking about how ancient Egyptians were able to do a similar thing thousands of years ago, it's kind of very special feeling."我上了我的姐姐
想想几千年前古埃及人如何做类似的事情，就有一种很特别的感觉。”
