Sports Commentary
One of the most interesting and distinctive of all us of language is commentary．An oral reporting of ongoing activity，commentary is ud in such public arenas as political ceremonies，parades，funerals，fashion shows and cooking demonstrations．The most frequently occurring type of commentary may be that connected with sports and games．In sports there are two kinds of commentary，and both are often ud for the same sporting event．“play－by－play”commentary narrates the sports event，while “color –adding”or “color”commentary provides the audience with pre－event background，during－event interpretation，and post－event evaluation．Color commentary is usually conversational in style and can be a dialogue with two or more commentators．
Play－by－play commentary is of interest to linguists becau it is unlike other kinds of narrative，which are typically reported in past ten．Play－by－play commentary is reported in prent ten．Some examples are “he takes the lead by four”and “she’s in position．”One linguist characterizes radio play－by－play commentary as “a monologue directed at an unknown，unen mass audience who voluntarily choo to listen…and provide no feedback to the speaker．”It is the characteristics that make this kind of commentary unlike any other type of speech situation．
The chief feature of play－by－play commentary is a highly formulaic style of prentation．There is distinctive grammar not only in the u of the prent ten but also in the omission of certain elements of ntence structure．For example “Smith in clo”eliminates the verb，as some newspaper headlines do．Another example is inverted word order，as in “over at third is Johnson．”Play－by－play commentary is very fluent，keeping up with the pace of the action．The rate is steady and there is little silence．The structure of the commentary is cyclical，reflecting the way most games consist of recurring quences of short activities－－－as in tennis and baball－－－or a limited number of activity options－－－as in the various kinds of football．In racing，the structure is even simpler，with the commentator informing the listener of the varying order of the competitors in a “state of play”summary，which is crucial for listeners or viewers who have just tuned in．
1．Which of the following statements is true of color commentary?
梅雪争春未肯降A．It narrates the action of the event in real time，using the prent ten．B．It is a monologue given to an audience that does not respond to the speaker．C．It is steady and fluent becau it must keep up with the action of the event．D．It gives background on the event，and interprets and evaluates the event．2．Why does the author quote a linguist in paragraph 2?
A．To describe the uniqueness of radio play－by－play
B．To show how technical sports commentary is
C．To give examples of play－by－play commentaryqq怎么看对方有没有删除你
D．To criticize past trends in sports commentary
3．It can be inferred from the passage that the author most likely agrees with which of the following statements about sports commentary?
A．Color commentary is more important than play－by－play commentary B．Sports commentators do not need special knowledge of the sport．C．Commentary enhances the excitement and enjoyment of sports．
D．Sports commentators should work hard to improve their grammar．
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答案：
1． D 2． A 3．C
THE QUEEN ANNE HOUSE
The hou style that dominated American housing during the 1880s and 1890s was known as Queen Anne，a curious name for an American style．The name was，in fact，a historical accident，originating with fashionable architects in Victorian England who coined it with apparently no reason other than its pleasing sound．The Queen Anne style was looly bad on medieval structures built long before 1702，the beginning year of Queen Anne’s reign．
A distinctive characteristic found in most Queen Anne hous is the unusual roof shape －－a steeply pitched，hipped central portion with protruding lower front and side extensions that end in gables．It is often possible to spot the distinctive roof forms from veral blocks away。Another feature of this style is the detailing，shown in the wood shingle siding cut into fanciful decorative patterns of scallops，curves，diamonds，or triangles Queen Anne hous are almost always asymmetrical．If you draw an imaginary line down the middle of one，you will e how drastically different the right and left sides are，all the way from ground level to roof peak．A final characteristic is the inviting wraparound porch that includes the front door area and then extends around to either the right or left side of the hou．
Queen Anne hous faded from fashion early in the twentieth century as the public ’s taste shifted toward the more modern Prairie and Craftsman style hous．Today，however，Queen Anne hous are favorite symbols of the past painstakingly and lovingly restored by old－hou buffs and reproduced by builders who give faithful attention to the distinctive shapes and detailing that were first popularized more than one hundred years ago．
1．Why does the author u the word curious in describing the name of an American style?
A．The style was invented before Queen Anne ’s reign．
B．The name was accidentally misspelled．
C．The style was more popular in Victorian England．
D．The name did not originate in American．英语自学
轻的近义词2．The word it in paragraph 1 refers to
A．style
B．name
C．accident
D．England
3．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a characteristic feature of Queen Anne hous?
A．decorative windows
B．wood shingle exterior walls
C．large porch
寿司之神D．steeply pitched roof
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4．Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 about the Queen Anne style?
A．the Queen Anne style combined veral other styles．
B．the Queen Anne style had to be built in the city．
C．the Queen Anne style was elaborate and ornate．
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D．the Queen Anne style was not very popular．
5．The word buffs in paragraph 3 is clost in meaning to
A．experts
B．llers
C．critics
D．painters
6．Can you predict the main element which the architects will concern for next generation of hou style? Write an essay to give your opinions．
答案：
1．D2．B3．A4．C5．A
The many part of the earth’s atmosphere are linked with the various parts of the earth’s surface to produce a whole－－the climate system．Different parts of the earth’s surface react to the energy of
the sun in different ways．For example，ice and snow reflect much of it．Land surfaces absorb solar energy and heat up rapidly．Oceans store the energy without experiencing a significant temperature ri．Thus，the different types of surfaces transfer heat into the atmosphere at different rates．
We can view climate as existing in three domains：space，time，and human perception．In the domain of space，we can study local，regional，and global climates．In time，we can look at the climate for a year，a decade，a millennium，and so forth．Finally，we depend on our perceptions of the data，so we must include our own human perception into our model．Human perception must be included if our understanding of climatic process is to be translated into societal actions．As a society，we make informed choices about how to u the beneficial effects of climate，such as deciding when and where to plant crops．We also make choices about how to minimize the harmful effects of climate－－storms，blizzards，and droughts．
1．Why does the author discuss different parts of the earth’s surface in paragraph 1?
A．To explain why humans live in some parts but not in others
B．To show that the entire earth is made of the same materials
C．To compare how various surfaces transfer heat into the atmosphere
D．To describe changes in the earth’s appearance throughout the year．2．According to the author，why must we include human perception in our study of climate?
A．We must interpret data and take actions related to climate
B．We must create an interesting model of the climate system
C．We must develop an understanding of our environment
D．We must change our traditional ways of studying climate．
（思考）3．Read the ntence below and write an essay which will have a minimum of 100 words．
Our understanding of climatic process is to be translated into societal actions．答案：
1．C2．A
One of the most interesting and distinctive of all us of language is commentary．An oral reporting
of ongoing activity，commentary is ud in such public arenas as political ceremonies，parades，funerals，fashion shows and cooking demonstrations．The most frequently occurring type of commentary may be that connected with sports and games．In sports there are two kinds of commentary，and both are often ud for the same sporting event．“play－by －play”commentary narrates the sports event，while “color –adding”or “color”commentary provides the audience with pre－event background，during－event interpretation，and post－event evaluation．Color commentary is usually conversational in style and can be a dialogue with two or more commentators．Play－by－play commentary is of interest to linguists becau it is unlike other kinds of narrative，which are typically reported in past ten．Play－by－play commentary is reported in prent ten．Some examples are “he takes the lead by four”and “she’s in position．”One linguist characterizes radio play－by－play commentary as “a monologue directed at an unknown，unen mass audience who voluntarily choo to listen…and provide no feedback to the speaker．”It is the characteristics that make this kind of commentary unlike any other type of speech situation．
The chief feature of play－by－play commentary is a highly formulaic style of prentation．There is distinctive grammar not only in the u of the prent ten but also in the omission of certain elements of ntence structure．For example “Smith in clo”eliminates the verb，as some newspa
per headlines do．Another example is inverted word order，as in “over at third is Johnson．”Play－by－play commentary is very fluent，keeping up with the pace of the action．The rate is steady and there is little silence．The structure of the commentary is cyclical，reflecting the way most games consist of recurring quences of short activities－－－as in tennis and baball－－－or a limited number of activity options－－－as in the various kinds of football．In racing，the structure is even simpler，with the commentator informing the listener of the varying order of the competitors in a “state of play”summary，which is crucial for listeners or viewers who have just tuned in．
1．Which of the following statements is true of color commentary?
A．It narrates the action of the event in real time，using the prent ten．B．It is a monologue given to an audience that does not respond to the speaker．
