Physiognomy and economics
相面术与经济学 About face
People’s creditworthiness, it ems, can be en in their looks
鸡茸蘑菇汤的做法人的信誉度，似乎可以为相貌所反映
SCIENCE proceeds by trial and error. The success are trumpeted. The errors are often regarded with embarrassment by subquent generations, and locked away in attic rooms of the subject’s mansion like mad relatives in a Victorian novel. Usually, they stay there. Craniology, phrenology and eugenics, once-respectable fields of endeavor that are now regarded with a shudder, may shriek from time to time, but few sane people pay attention to them. One, however, has escaped recently, and is trying to rehabilitate itlf. For years physiognomy—the idea that a person’s face is a reflection of his character—was sneered at. Now, it is making a come back.
科学依靠试错而前行。成功伴随着胜利的号角得以扬名天下，而谬误让后人感到尴尬万分，
就像维多利亚时代的小说中常描写的发疯的亲戚那样，被束之高阁，无人问津。通常情况下，这些谬论就这么一直沉寂下去了。颅骨测量学、颅骨性向学、优生学这些曾经引人景仰的学说现在已经令人厌恶，虽然偶尔也能让人注意片刻，但在常人的意识中已经无立锥之地了。然而，最近有一个学说似乎逃出沉沦，绝地重生。这就是相面术，即所谓人的脸反映其性格的学说。这个曾被人讥讽、嘲笑的对象，现在卷土重来了。
Appearances certainly count. Women, for instance, judge men by their faces. Testosterone levels are reflected in the face, and who is en as a one-night stand and who as a potential husband depends in part on this physical feature. Similarly, a male face betrays the owner’s underlying aggressiveness and even his business acumen. Facial beauty in either x is also associated with higher incomes. The latest rearch, though, cuts to the moral quick. For Jefferson Duarte of Rice University in Houston, Texas, and his colleagues are suggesting that one of a person’s most telling moral features, his creditworthiness, can also be en in his face.
人的外表确实重要。例如，女人通常根据脸判别男人。脸反映了男人的雄激素的水平，
谁被看作是123对象，谁被看作是一个潜在的丈夫在某种程度上取决于脸部特征。可同样也是男性的脸隐藏了其下的进取心，甚至是他的商业敏感。对男女两性来说，漂亮的脸蛋也与高收入不无关系。最新的研究结果，把人的相貌和道德之间的关系也迅速搭建起来了。之所以这么说，是因为位于得克萨斯州休斯顿的赖斯大学的杰弗逊杜阿尔特和他的同事们认为，作为最反映一个人道德水平的特征 - 人的信誉度，也同时反映在了他的脸上。
Dr Duarte’s rearch was enabled by the internet. Once, if you wanted to borrow money, you had either to visit a bank or to tap a rich friend or relative. Now it is possible to do business directly with a stranger, using a peer-to-peer lending site. The needy adverti themlves, and how much they want. Tho flush with cash asss potential borrowers and decide who to lend to, and at what rate of interest.
阿尔特博士的研究是由互联网启用。 再次，如果您要借钱，你可以访问银行或利用丰富的朋友或亲戚。现在是做生意的可能直接与一个陌生人，使用点对点借贷网站。 需要宣传自己，他们要多少。这些充裕的现金评估潜在的借款人，并决定向谁贷款，以及以何种利率。
The borrowers themlves have to disclo their financial positions, credit histories, jobs and education. Often, though this is not required, they also post photographs of themlves. That means it might be possible to asss the effects of appearance on the outcome. And the process is an open auction, which means that all offers, acceptances and rejections are in the public domain.
借款人本身必须公开其财务状况，信用记录，就业和教育。通常情况下，尽管这不是必需的，他们还张贴自己的照片。 这意味着有可能的影响评估的结果出现。该进程是一个开放的拍卖，这意味着所有提供，接受和拒绝是在公共领域。
For his rearch, Dr Duarte cho a site His intention was twofold: to e if physiognomy-bad prejudices about creditworthiness existed and, if they did, whether they were justified. To do so he ud another peer-to-peer website to subcontract the job of asssing creditworthiness to a number of ordinary people. The site in question (which is run by Amazon) is called Mechanical Turk. In this ca the people it matches are tho who have a task that needs doing, and tho willing to perform it.
他的研究，选择了医生杜阿尔特网站呼吁任务驱动法 。他的意图是双重的：看看地貌为基础的偏见和信誉存在，如果他们这么做，他们是否是合理的。这样做他用另一种点对点网站的工作分包合同信用评估了一些普通百姓。 该网站的问题（这是由亚马逊）被称为机械特克。在这种情况下，人民匹配的是谁的任务，需要做的时候，和那些愿意履行它。
Peer review
The team recruited 25 Mechanical Turk workers and asked them to asss pictures of potential borrowers that had been posted In particular, they were asked to rate, on a scale of one to five, how trustworthy the people looked, and to estimate the percentage probability that each individual would repay a $100 loan. They were also asked to make veral other asssments, such as the individual’s x, race, age, attractiveness and obesity. The 25 results for each photograph were then averaged and analyzed.
研究小组招募25机械特克工人，并要求他们以评估潜在的借款人的照片，已张贴在鼻子流血什么原因摩羯座是什么象星座 。特别是，他们被要求速度，规模的4点59分，怎么看这些人的信赖，并估计
百分比概率每一个人将偿还100爱国手抄报内容美元的贷款。他们还要求作出若干其他评估，如个人的性别，种族，年龄，吸引力和肥胖。 结果在25日的照片，然后每场和分析。
冰与火之歌结局水调歌头苏轼 The rearchers looked at 6,821 loan applications, 733 of which were successful. Their first finding was that the asssments of trustworthiness, and of likelihood to repay a loan, that were made by Mechanical Turk workers did indeed correlate with potential borrowers’ credit ratings bad on their credit history. That continued to be so when the other variables, from beauty to race to obesity, were controlled for statistically. Shifty physiognomy, it ems, is independent of the things.
