Chapter1: Introduction to Trade Documentation(国际贸易单证简介)
1.Definition of document: A document is an official paper that rves as “proof” or “evidence” of something.
1）Different roles of different documents
★ Proof of ownership of shipment (B/L )
★ Evidence of particulars of sale (Invoice )
★ Evidence of country of origin of goods ( Certificate of origin )
★ Evidence of insurance coverage ( 神舟十一号Insurance polic)
★Reassurance of the quality or quantity of goods in shipment ( Inspection certificate )
2）Nature of Documents
（1）Financial documents金融单据
——Bill of exchange 汇票
——Promissory note 本票
——Check 支票
（2）商业单据（commercial documents）
——Invoice 发票
——Transport/shipping documents 运输单证
——Insurance policy 保险单证
——Packing list 装箱单证
——The others 其他
3）The key documents of international trade
Key documents | Issuer | Function |
Certificate of Origin C/O | Exporter/ Seller | The origin of the goods shipped |
Bill of Lading | Shipping line / Carrier | Receipt Contract Posssion/ownership |
Commercial Invoice | Exporter/Seller | Identify buyer& ller |
Import Declaration | Importer/buyer Customers broker | To control imports Compile trade statistics Asss duty |
Export Declaration | 将进酒古诗Exporter/Seller | To control imports Compile trade statistics Asss duty |
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2.The differences among the Document, Documents and Documentary.
Document means an individual document or form(个别的单证或表格)
Documents means package document(一揽子单证)
Documentary means that document from the basis for concluding some agreed upon action or requirement between the parties to a transaction（单证是各方当事人完成某特定交易的基础单证的、跟单的）
3. Issues Concerning Trade Documents(国际贸易单证的有关问题)
1）Trade relationship of countries of import & export
感动中国2012Trade relationship | Features | Documents required | Examples |
Special trade | (1)nations came into a special/clo trade relationship (2)All barri-tariff or non-tariff barriers to trade are removed | No trade Requirement Tariffs古北水镇攻略二日游 & documents requirement | EU NAFATA Mercosure |
Normal trade | 1)Countries are friendly but not form Regional Trade Agreement | No-excessive trade Requirement Tariffs & documents requirement | Formerly most Favored nation USA & France Indonesia & Italy |
Restrictive trade | (1)Trade with a certain nation Permitted with restriction (2) Certain goods exported/Imported with restrictions | Serious of documents required | China & USA |
Embargo | All trade with a certain country is banned | / | Embargo of Cuba UN’sanctions of Iraq |
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2）The nature of Goods traded：
Regulated goods fall into a number of categories:
Restricted goods （禁止类商品）
Prohibited goods （限制类商品）
Strategic goods （战略性产品）
Quotas goods (配额产品)
3）Some principles for making documents
①Consistency among documents
②No ambiguity
●Avoid the ambiguity of issuers in documents
●Avoid the ambiguity of authentication of documents
⏹The importer/buyer may state that a document be “certified” , “notarized ” or “endord”.
⏹Eg. The inspection certificate of this cargos should be notarized.
⏹Eg. The B/L should be endord
③莱西湖Definitely right (document date)
4) Originals VS Copies
一式两份 | 一式三份 | 戒指戴中指 一式四份 |
In duplicate | triplicate | quadruplicate |
一式五份 | 一式六份 | 一式七份 |
quintuplicate | sixtuplicate | ptuplicate夜不成眠 |
一式八份 | 一式九份 | 一式十份 |
octuplicate | nontuplicate | decuplicate |
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4.Categories of Documents Ud in International Trade（国际贸易单证种类）
1）Transaction Documents(交易单证)
The letter of inquire/inquiry sheet(询价单)/request for proposal (RFP)（征求建议书）
韶关特色美食Request for quotation (RFQ) （报价需求/采购直达）: A letter written by the buyer asking the ller to submit a formal price quotation for a specified product and quantity.
proposal（建议、提案）
Letter of intent（合作意向书）
Purcha order/purcha contract（订购单/采购订单）/ contract of sales(销售合同)
Pro forma invoice （形式发票）: A (preliminary 初步的) invoice issued by the exporter at the importer’s request before an order is placed or before the goods all the details and the cost of the goods
Commercial invoice（商业发票）: The prime transaction document.
2）Transport(Shipping) Documents (运输单证)
Shipping Advice (装运通知)： It’s
Packing List (装箱单)：A document prepared by the shipper listing the kinds and quantities of merchandi in a particular shipment.
Identify the consignor, and consignee, the number of packages in the shipment, package and container contents（包装容器内容）, weights, dimensions(规模、大小), marks(唛头) and numbers.
