习语、引语的口译
任何一种语言的习语、引语都与使用该语言的民族的历史、经济、文化、风俗习惯、价值观念、地理位置等密切相关。因此，习语、引语有明显的民族特色，是人民群众智慧的结晶，是经过长期使用而提炼出来的妙语名言。习语、引语准确、快速、流利的互译可以简明、生动、形象、有力地表达说话人的思想、观点和情感，增强语言的魅力和表达效果。习语、引语的口译也是译员经常遇到的难题之一。那么，口译中译员怎样才能准确、快速、生动形象地进行习语、引语的互译呢？
习语就其广义而言，包括成语、俗语、谚语、歇后语等。习语、引语的成功口译主要靠译员两种语言的扎实功底，包括对两种语言的词汇、文学、文化背景知识的丰富积累和口译技巧的熟练掌握。习语的口译主要有三种方法：直译、直译与转换相结合和意译法。
1. 直译法
对结构和意义上完全对应的习语应采用对等直译法。把原语的习俗、比喻移植到译入语中，这样既能确切地表达原意，又能保留原语生动、形象、鲜明的民族色彩。直译是习语口译中最容易、最便捷，也是效果最佳的译法。英汉两种语言中很多习语，包括很多汉语歇后语都可以采用直译法。这是英汉两种文化互相交流和两种语言相互溶入的结果。以下英汉习语的互译就属这一类。
英语习语的汉译
stony heart / have a heart of stone 铁石心肠
plain sailing 一帆风顺
in black and white 白纸黑字
flesh and blood 亲骨肉；亲人
as firm as a rock 坚如磐石
to be led by the no 被牵着鼻子走
to show one's cards 摊牌
to be armed to the teeth 武装到牙齿
to turn a deaf ear to… 充耳不闻
to pick bones from an egg 鸡蛋里面挑骨头
Facts speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩
Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母
Honesty is the best policy. 诚实是上策
Children and fools tell the truth. 童愚吐真言
Evil is rewarded with evil. 恶有恶报
1分米等于多少米Content is happiness. 知足者常乐
Know your own faults before blaming others for theirs.
欲责他人，应先知己过；欲正人，先正己。
One swallow does not make a summer. 一燕难成夏。
汉语习语的英译
一心一意with one heart and one mind
沧海一滴 a drop in the ocean
轻如鸿毛as light as a feather
实事求是to ek truth from facts
一见如故to feel like old friends at the first meeting
同甘共苦to share each other's joys and hardships
掩耳盗铃to plug one's ears while stealing a bell
知识就是力量。Knowledge is power.
一寸光阴一寸金, 寸金难买寸光阴。An inch of time is worth an inch of gold，but an inch of gold cannot purcha an inch of time.
一回生，两回熟。First meeting, strangers; cond meeting, old friends.
一年之计在于春。The whole year's work depends on a good start in spring.
一鸟在手远胜两鸟在林。A bird in hand is worth two in the bush.
兔子尾巴——长不了。Like a rabbit tail-----it cannot grow any longer-----it won't last long.
搬起石头砸自己的脚——自作自受to lift a rock only to drop it on one's own feet-----to suffer from what one has done
鳄鱼掉眼泪——假慈悲crocodile shedding tears------pretending to be benevolent
品牌热水器2. 直译和转换相结合
对一些结构上对应或部分对应，比喻相似、意思相近的习语应采用直译和转换相结合的方法，对等部分直译，不对等部分进行适当转换。按照英汉两种语言各自的习俗、比喻和习惯表达方法译出，做到既能确切表达原意，又符合译入语的习俗和比喻。以下习语就是采用这种方法互译的。
as blind as a bat 有眼无珠
as timid as a hare 胆小如鼠
on pins and needles 如坐针毡
as poor as a church mou 一贫如洗
to kill two birds with one stone 一箭双雕
to wake up a sleeping dog 打草惊蛇
公明仪
to beat the dog before the lion 杀鸡给猴看
Lock the door after the hor is stolen. 亡羊补牢。
He who takes charge knows the responsibility. 不当家不知柴米贵。
Poor by condition，rich by ambition. 人穷志不短。
Where there is a will ，there is a way. 事在人为。
It takes two to make a quarrel. 一个巴掌拍不响。
As a man sows，so he shall reap. 种瓜得瓜, 种豆得豆。
Don't wash your dirty linen in public. 家丑不可外扬。
Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. 情人眼里出西施。
3. 意译预测报告
还有一类习语，在结构和字面意思上，英汉两种语言似乎无相近之处。其确切的意思有时难以捉摸。遇到这一类习语，译员要根据交谈双方的话题、意图及谈话的背景和上下文意思等因素，充分理解所用习语的含义，采用意译、意译加注和其它变通方法，最重要的是译出话语的真正含义。同时，尽可能的保留原语的民族和地方色彩。不要按字面意思死译，以免造成歧义。以下习语的口译就属这一类。
a far cry from… 与……相差甚远；大不相同刘氏起名大全男孩名字大全
to face the music 勇于承担后果
to spill the beans 不慎泄密
to be up to one's ears 有许多事情要做；忙于
to beat around the bush 旁敲侧击，转弯抹角
to cut corners 节约
to hold one's hors 别忙；耐心点；别沉不住气
in one's element 在行；擅长
on one's toes 机灵
once in a blue moon 极难得；千载难逢
to e eye to eye 与(某人)看法一致
straight from the shoulder 直截了当
to take something with a grain of salt 对某事半信半疑或不全信
to put all one's eggs in one basket 孤注一掷; 冒险
to teach one's grandmother to such eggs 班门弄斧；好为人师
二合一平板电脑
to put the cart before the hor 本末倒置
to miss the boat 坐失良机
to burn the candle at both ends 过分耗费精力
to poke one's no into… 探听; 干涉
to play for one's own hand 为自己的利益而做
to pull wool over one's eyes 蒙蔽某人
to call a spade a spade 实话实说, 直言不讳Birds of a feature flock together. 物以类聚, 人以群分。
Love me; love my dog. 爱吾及犬；爱屋及乌。
Rome was not built in a day. 罗马不是一天建成的; 伟业非一日可成;
冰冻三尺, 非一日之寒。
Half the world knows not how the other half lives. 富人不知穷人苦; 饱汉不知饿汉饥。
有些汉语习语、俗语、歇后语有强烈而浓厚的民族色彩，意译不能确切表达原意。必须采用意译加注，说明必要的历史文化背景，才能很好传达原意。例如：
卧薪尝胆to sleep on brushwood and taste gall-----to undergo lf-impod hardships so as to strengthen one’s resolve to wipe out a national humility；to endure hardships to accomplish
some ambition.
望子成龙to hope one’s child will become somebody in the future；to hope one’s child will
have a bright future; to hold high hopes for one’s child我相信歌词完整版
不到长城非好汉。He who fails to reach the Great Wall is not a true hero；not stop until one’s
aim is obtained
八仙过海，各显神通。The Eight Immortals crossing the a-----each shows his/her special prowess (in the legend, they were described as fairies with different magic arts)；Like the Eight Immortals soaring the ocean, each of you should show your true worth.
打破砂锅——问（纹）到底breaking an earthenware pot -----(lit)-cracked to the bottom；
(pun) interrogate thoroughly；to get to the bottom of a matter
引语的口译主要靠译员平时的勤学和积累。一个成功的译员不仅要有熟练的英汉语言技能，而且要有广博的英汉文学、历史、文化知识，掌握一定数量的英汉名人格言、经典佳句。因此，译员只有平时用心铭记，注意收集，不断充实，用时才能左右逢源，得心应手。下边是一些广为流传的英汉名人格言和经典佳句，配有英汉译文，可供口译学习者参考。
英语引语
What’s in a name? That which we call a ro by any other name would smell as sweet. 名称
有什么关系？我们叫做玫瑰花的，叫别的名字同样芬芳。
To care for wisdom and truth and improvement of the soul is far better than to ek money and
honor and reputation. 获得智慧，寻求真理，并使心灵美好，远比追求金钱、荣誉和名
声好得多。
Knowledge is like the spring water under ground---the deeper you dig, the clearer is the water.
知识好像地下的泉水，掘得越深越清澈。
Waste not, want not. 旧的不去，新的不来。
Carve your name on hearts but not on marbles. 把你的名字刻在人们的心上，而不是大理石上。
Time is a versatile performer. It flies, marches on, heals all wounds, runs out and will tell. 时间是多才多艺的表演者。它能飞逝，能大步向前，能治愈一切创伤，能消失得无影无踪，也能揭露真相。
Time is money; trust is gold. 时间是金钱，信用是金子。
In the business world, everyone is paid in two coins: cash and experience. Take the experience first; the cash will come later. 在商业世界里，每个人都会获得两种形式的报酬：现钞和经验。最好先获得经验，这样现钞就会随之滚滚而来。
Seize the prent; trust the future as little as you may. 抓住现在；尽量少指望未来。
Money is a bottomless a, in which honor, conscience, and truth may be drowned. 金钱是深不可测的海洋，能淹没廉耻、良心和是非感；金钱是一个无底大海，节操、良心和真理可能在里面淹死。
Economy is not only a great virtue, but also a great revenue. 节约不仅是一大美德，而且是一大财源。
At twenty years of age, the will reigns; at thirty the wit; and at forty, the judgment. 二十岁时起支配作用的是意志，三十岁时是机智，四十岁时是判断。
Contentment is natural wealth; luxury is artificial poverty. 知足是天然的财富，奢侈是人为的贫困。
Money recommends a man everywhere. 钱使一个人畅行无阻。
Riches are gotten with pain, kept with care, and lost with grief. 财富得之不易，存之忧虑，失之悲痛。
Time and tide wait for no man. 时光如逝水，岁月不待人。
One today is worth two tomorrows. 一个今天抵得上两个明天。
汉语引语
励志语录图片
己所不欲，勿施于人。Do not do to others what you would not have them do to you.
知己知彼，百战不殆。Know the enemy and know yourlf, and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat.
贫贱不能移，威武不能屈。He is not to be subdued by force not swerved by poverty.
国家兴亡，匹夫有责。The fortune of a country depends on the people in it.
识实务者为俊杰。A man who knows where his interest lies will succ eed.
流水不腐，户枢不蠹。Running water does not get stale; a door hinge is never worm-eaten.
