2020年高考英语语法专项突破训练专题05-形容词和副词和比较等级

更新时间:2023-06-29 03:01:14 阅读: 评论:0

专题五 形容词和副词+比较等级
重难点分析
形容词和副词的比较等级是英语高考语法填空的常考点,命题形式一般是用所给词语的适当形式填空;若是需要填more, mostfewer, less, least时,可能也会不给出原级。系动词后接形容词作表语和一些常用副词(ldom, even, enough, never, hardly)也是高考的热点之一。
形容词和副词在句中的作用
1.形容词在句中通常作定语、表语和补语。如:
English is a uful language.英语是一门有用的语言。(作定语)
English is uful.英语很有用。(作表语)
I find English uful.我觉得英语很有用。(作补语)
2.副词在句中作做状语,修饰动词、形容词、另一副词、介词短语,或者整个句子。如:
He walked quickly in order to get there on time.他为了按时到达那里,走得很快。(修饰动词walked)
He walked very quickly.他走得很快。
Obviously, I believe we can win it. 显然,我相信我能够赢得胜利。
形容词和副词的比较等级
1. 形容词副词的规则变化。
 (1) 一般在词尾直接加erest。如:long—longer—longest
 (2) 以不发音的字母e结尾的,在词尾直接加rst。如:nice—nicer—nicest
 (3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的,把y变为i,再加erest。如:heavy—heavier—heaviest
 (4) 一个元音字母+一个辅音字母结尾的重读音节,双写末尾这个辅音字母,再加erest。如:big—bigger—biggest
(5) 部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级,加most构成最高级。如:slowly—more slowly—most slowlybeautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful
2. 形容词和副词的比较等级的常用句型。
(1) 表示相等:as + 原级+as
(2) 表示不如:not as/ so +原级+as
(3) 表示超出:比较级+than
(4) 表示the+最高级+ of/in短语(表示比较的范围)
注意除了 “the+最高级外,最高级还有其他的表达方式。如:否定词never等与比较级连用;比较级+than any other+名词单数;比较级义帝+than any of the other+名词复数;比较级+than anyone el等。如:
How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice.她唱得多好听呀!我从没听过比这更好的声音。
(5) 表示…………”the+比较级,the+比较级
(6) 表示越来越歌手郭美美:比较级+and+比较级
(7) 表示与其……不如……”more…than…
(8) the+比较级 特指两个人或者连个食物中较为突出的一个。
If the manager had to choo one of the two, he would say Tim was the better choice.如果说经理一定得从这两个人中选择一个,他会说Tim是更好的选择。
(9) 倍数的表达法:
早起的励志句子① A + be +倍数 as +计量形容词原级+as B
This hou is three times as wide as that one. 这个房子是那个房子的三倍宽。
A +be+倍数+计量形容词比较级+than B
The car is exactly five times more expensive than that one.这辆车比那本恰好贵5倍。
A +be+倍数+the+计量名词+of B
The new library is four times the size of the previous one.新的图书馆是以前的四倍大。
The+计量名词+of A +be+倍数+that of B
The size of the new square is four times that of the previous one.新广场为以前的四倍大。
、形容词、副词原级及比较级和最高级的常用句型
名称
句型
例句
相等
as+原级+as
The train travels as fast as the 3:55 train. 这列车和3:55的列车开得一样快。
as+原级+a/an+名词单数+as
He is as honest a man as you. 他和你一样是个诚实的人。
as many+可数名词复数+ as;
as much+不可数名词+ as
I have as many books as you. 我和你一样有许多书。
倍数+as+原级+as+名词
My room is twice as big as my brother’s. 我的房间是我兄弟的两倍大。
不及
not as+原级+as
She is not as beautiful as her sister. 她不如她妹妹漂亮。
超越
比较级+than
Health is more important than wealth. 健康比金钱重要。
the+比较级+of the two 
两者中较……的一个
He is the taller of the two. 他是两者中较高的一个。
否定
no+比较级+than 
系统安装u盘和……一样不
He is no richer than I. 他和我一样不富有。
not+比较级  再……不过(可译为“非常、十分”)
His work couldn’t be wor. 他的工作糟得不能再糟了。
程度递增
-er and -er, more and more + 多音节词  越来越……
higher and higher 越来越高
more and more important 越来越重要
两种情况同时变化
the +比较级, the +比较级  越……,越……
The quicker you get ready, the sooner we’ll be able to leave. 你越快准备好,我们就能越早离开。
三者或三者以上比较
the + 最高级+of/in+比较范围  ……之中最……
They have got some of the most beautiful things in the world. 他们这儿拥有一些世界上最美的东西。
注意:no more (...) than与not more (...) than 的用法
在英语里面有很多短语都有其约定俗成的用法和意思,不能按其字面意思去理解,象这样的短语有很多,这里先把大家觉得比较头疼的no more (...) than与not more (...) than的用法解释清楚,希望对大家有所帮助:
1. 不用于比较,后接数词时,no more than意为“仅仅、只不过、只有”(=only),而not more than意为“至多、不超过”(=at the most)。如:
There are no more than fifteen eggs in the basket. 篮子里只有15个鸡蛋。(暗指15个鸡蛋太少)
There are not more than fifteen eggs in the basket. 篮子里至多有15个鸡蛋。(暗指可能少于15个)
2. 用于两者的比较时,“no+形容词或副词比较级+than”是对两者的否定,相当于.。如:
This story is no more interesting than that one. (=Neither this story nor that one is interesting.) 这个故事和那个故事一样没趣。
“not+形容词或副词比较级+than”是普通的比较级结构,表示前者不如后者,相当于not as...。如:
This story is not more interesting than that one. (=This story is not as/so interesting as that one.) 这个故事不如那个故事有趣。
、比较结构的修饰语
1
用于原级之前
almost, nearly, just, quite, half, twice, three times等
The river is three times as long as that one.
这条河是那条河是三倍长。
2
用于比较级前
many, a few (用于“more+可数名词复数”前)
It takes many more hours to go there by train than by plane. 坐火车去那里比坐飞机要花多好多个小时。
a lot, much, even, still, far, a great deal, rather, two years, 5%, twice等
My desk-mate is even fatter than me. 我同桌甚至比我还胖。
3
用于最高级前
the very, much the, by far, nearly, by no means, almost, not really, the first/cond等
This cake is by far the largest in the world.
这个蛋糕是迄今为止世界上最大的。
、两种形式的副词:一个与形容词同形,一个以-ly结尾
地板砖颜色效果图
1
hard
hardly
hard 刻苦地;努力地;猛烈地;费力地
逆问He studies very hard. 他学习非常努力。
hardly 几乎不;简直不
We hardly had time to eat breakfast. 我们几乎没时间吃早饭。
2
high
highly
high 高高地;地位高;声音高
故意的意思The plane flies high. 飞机飞得很高。
highly 高度地;非常(常和prai, speak等动词连用)
They spoke very highly of him. 他们称赞他。
3
deep
deeply
deep
修饰具体动作时,往往两个词可互换,但多用deep
They had to dig very deep/deeply in order to find water. 他们必须挖得很深,才能发现水。
表示静止状态时只用deep(此时多于介词、副词连用)
The meeting continued deep into the night. 会议持续到了深夜。
deeply
修饰形容词或过去分词只能用deeply
I am deeply grateful to you. 我非常感谢你。
deeply可与hate, dislike, regret, admire, love, value等动词连用,但不能与动词like连用牛肉丝
I deeply regret his death. 我对他的去世深感遗憾。
4
late
lately
late 迟;晚
The bus arrived 5 minutes late. 公共汽车迟到了五分钟。
lately 最近;不久前(同recently)
What have you been doing lately? 最近你在做什么?
as late as与as lately as都有“近至、直到”之意,用法相同
I saw him at late/lately as yesterday. 直到昨天我才看见他。
5
near
nearly
near 近;临近;在附近
The train came nearer and nearer. 火车越来越近了。
nearly 几乎;差不多;将近
It is nearly then o’clock. 差不多十点钟了。
6
clo
cloly
clo 靠近;挨近;接近
Come clo so that I can e you. 走近点以便我能看清你。
cloly 紧密地;紧紧地;秘密地;仔细地;严密地
We followed cloly after him. 我们紧紧地跟在他后面。

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