现在分词和过去分词（知识梳理）
现在分词和过去分词
做汇报真题再现
1.Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way____ the sun and the stars.
A. ud番茄鱼片
B. having ud
C. using
D. u
2. In recent years an English word "infosphere" has appeared, _______the n of “information” and "atmosphere".
A. combine
B. combined
C. combining
D. being combined
3. The park was full of people _________ themlves in the sunshine
A. having enjoyed
B. enjoyed
C. enjoying
D. to enjoy
4. ______ for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
A. To work
B. Worked
C. To be working
D. Having worked
5. Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it _______ live is quite another.
A. perform
B. performing
C. to perform
D. being performed
6. ____ in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.
A. Being raid
B. Raising
C. Raid
D. To rai
7. ______in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching.
A. To absorb
B. To be absorbed
C. Absorbed
D. Absorbing
8. Little Tom sat watching the monkey dancing in front of him.
A. amaze
B. amazing
C. amazed
D. to amaze
9. Back from his two-year medical rvice in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to e his mother _______ good care of at home.
A. taking
B. taken
C. take
D. be taken
10. Video games can be a poor influence if ________ in the wrong hands.
A. to leave
嫦娥五号发射B. leaving
C. leave
D. left
11. If ___for the job, you’ll be informed soon.
A .to accept B. accept C. accepting D. accepted
12.Much time ________ sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
A. being spent
B. having spent
谁是卧底规则
烧牛腩C. spent
D. spending
13. When the clerk saw a kind of face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, _________ whether to stay or leave.
A. wondering
B. wonder
世界四大寓言C. to wonder
D. wondered
答案与解析：
1. C。句意：像古代的水手一样，鸟儿们能够利用太阳和星星发现他们的行程。birds和u 之间是主动关系，故D正确。
2. C。现在分词表示主动的关系，而过去分词通常表示被动的关系。根据该句意思：最近几
年，一个叫做infosphere的英语单词出现了，结合了“信息”和“气氛”这两个单词。这里的结合与前面新出现的单词的关系是主动的，故选C。
3. C。本题考查非谓语动词作定语，对于people来说是“主动享受”，而且和there be的状态同步进行，选现在分词作定语。
4. D。句意：工作了两天，Steve成功地按时完成了他的报告。句中的逻辑主语为Steve，与work之间为主动关系，故用现在分词，又因为强调已经工作两天了，所以用现在分词的完成式having worked，表示动作的先后性。故选D。
5. D。句意：在家里面听音乐是一回事，去到现场听又是另一回事。hear sb/sth doing 听到某人某物做某事。由于音乐是被演奏的，所以需要被动，所以选D。
6. C。句子主语he和rai（及物动词，抚养）之间是被动关系，A表被动、进行，C被动完成。故C正确。
7. C。本题考查的是过去分词的用法。句意：全神贯注于绘画中，约翰没有注意到傍晚来临了。短语be absorbed in全神贯注于，在句中作状语表状态，be省略。故选C。
8. C。句意：小Tom坐在那儿看猴子在他面前跳舞，感到无比惊讶。过去分词变成的形容词在句子作状语，表示状态。过去分词表示人的感觉，所以选C。
9. B。考查非谓语动词的过去分词的用法，his mother和take care of 是被动关系，用过去分词做宾语不足语。
10. D。句意：如果电子游戏落入一个错误的人手中就能够产生一个不良影响。
11.D。句意：如果录用你了，我们将很快通知你。根据选项可知本题考查非谓语动词。本题非谓语动词的主语为“you”，根据题意得知，与选项“accept”构成被动关系，因此选择“accepted”。
12. C。本题考查过去分词做定语，spend和time之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词。见缝插针的意思
13. A。句意：当店员看到一张漂亮的脸上挤出一副抱歉的笑容时，她像扎根似的定在了那里，想着是去是留。此句的谓语动词是stood，所以wonder在此用ing形式作一个伴随状语。故选A。
知识讲解
现在分词的时态
过去分词没有时态形式的变化，此处只讲现在分词的时态形式。
一般式：doing
完成式: having done
完成被动式：having been done
现在分词一般式表示动作与谓语动作同时发生，或在谓语动词所表示的动作之前或后发生。Working together with Dr. Bethune, we learnt a lot from him.
Knowing that they were going abroad next week, they began to make preparations.
He came up to me，saying “Glad to e you again.”
现在分词完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，常常用作状语，表示时间或原因。Having done his homework, the schoolboy began to write his diary. (having done his homework
发生在began之前，表示时间。)
Not having done it right, I tried again. (not having done发生在tried之前，表示原因。) Having been told to keep silent, they didn’t say a word.
分词的否定结构
现在分词的否定式由not后加现在分词构成：
Not knowing what to do, she went to the teacher for help.
太阳的图片
I left at noon, not staying for lunch.
过去分词表否定时，常借助un-等前缀表示。
The boy was left uncared for.
区别动名词和现在分词
二者形式完全相同，都是由动词原形加-ing构成。但是它们之间有根本的区别，它们除了都具有动词特征以外, 现在分词还具有形容词和副词特征，而动名词则具有名词特征。
现在分词在句中可充当定语、表语、补语（宾语补足语或主语补足语）、状语；动名词在句中可充当主语、宾语、同位语、表语、定语。
如果-ing形式在句中充当状语和补语，那么它一定是现在分词。
Hearing the news, he got very excited. (hearing 作时间状语)
I saw him going upstairs. (going作宾语补足语)
如果-ing形式在句中充当主语、宾语或同位语，那么它一定是动名词。
Studying English is our task. (studying作主语)
He likes playing football. 他喜欢踢足球。(playing作宾语)
His ambition, conquering the whole world, was never fulfilled. (conquering作同位语，是动名词。)
如果-ing形式在句中充当表语，-ing形式可能是现在分词，也可能是动名词。区分方法是：
如果-ing形式相当于一个名词，与主语处于同等地位，可以与主语交换位置，那么它就是动名词；如果-ing形式相当于一个形容词，表示主语的性质或特征，不可以与主语交换位置，那么它就是现在分词。
His work is repairing bikes.= Repairing bikes is his work. (repairing为动名词)
The novel is interesting. (该句的表语与主语不能交换位置，interesting为现在分词。) 如果-ing形式在句中充当定语，那么它可能是现在分词，也可能是动名词。区分办法是：如果被修饰的名词与-ing形式之间有逻辑主谓关系，那么-ing形式就是现在分词；否则，-ing 形式是动名词。
