第五章转换法
4.1 Conversion of Word Class（转换词类）古驰腰带
Indo-China is a drain on French resources．
印度支那战争不断地消耗法国的资源。
1. He admires the President's stated decision to fight for the job．
试译：他对总统声明为保住其职位而决心奋斗表示钦佩。
评析：英语的谓语动词只有“admires”一个词，其他用的是过去分词(stated)、动词性名词(decision)、不定式(to fight)和介词(for)。汉语没有词形变化，但可以几个动词连用。在本句中，“decision”转化成动词“决心”。
4.2 Conversion of Sentence Members（转换句子成分）
“Coming!” A way she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch.
“来啦!” 她转身蹦着跳着地跑了，越过草地，跑上小径，跨上台阶，穿过凉台，进了门廊。
4.3 Conversion of Impersonal Subjects（转换非人称主语）
[14] Then came the struggle and parting below. Words refu to tell it.(Vanity Fair)
接着是楼下告别时的忙乱，当时的情形真是难以言语形容。——杨必译文
评析：“难以言语形容”原文是“Words refu to tell it”，是转换法的一个典型例子。中文忌用事物做主语，现在把“words”换成了人，问题就解决了。
4.4 Conversion of Perspectives (转换视角）
[16] His failure made a mockery of the teacher’s great efforts to help him．
由于他考试不及格，老师辅导他的一番心血白费了。
评析：原主语转化为汉语的原因状语，将“teacher”一词拉出来做主语。
名词→动词
[1] An acquaintance with world history is helpful to the study of current affairs．
[2] The discovery of a new dish does more for the happiness of mankind than the discovery of a new star．
[3] The beauty of the scenery baffles description．
介词或介词短语→动词
[10] I found him at his book when I came into the room．
[11] The road to development is long but we are firmly on it．
形容词→动词
[12] We are not content with our prent achievements．
[13] They were suspicious and rentful of him．
[14] Husin was a puzzled man．
副词→动词
[15] Sorry 1 wasn’t in when you rang me up．
动词→名词
[16] The landing was designed to cut the peninsula in two．
[17] On that day they were escorted to the Grear Wall of China．
老太太xxx[18] A well-dresd man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car．新罗人
形容→名词
[19] They are going to build a school for the blind and the deaf.
[20] All the wounded were nt to the hospital right away．
[21] They showed a sympathetic understanding of our problem．
名词→形容词好听的古诗名字>显卡型号怎么看
[22] I recognized the absurdity of dealing with them through intermediaries．
[23] He was still more surprid at the singularity of the stranger’s appearance．
[24] We are deeply convinced of the correctness of tho policies and firmly determined to pursue it．
[25] He is a man of cool courage．
名词用作表语形容词
[26] The garden-party is a great success．
[27] The music is a gas．
[28] They say my story is a yawn．
副词→形容词
[29] He was deeply impresd by what they did in the critical moment．
[30] “I suppo boys think differently from girls,” he said．
形容词→副词
[31] At 1ast, he whispered a hurried good-bye to his host and darted toward the door．
名词→副词
[32] He had the kindness to show me the way．
[33] I had the fortune to meet him．
[34] We found difficulty in solving the housing problem．
非人称主语→人称主语
[35] The thought of returning to his native land never derted him amid his tribulation．
[36] A look of pleasure came to her face.
[37] The application of electronic computers makes for a tremendous ri in labour productivity.
[38] Failure did not deter him from trying again.
[39] The design is foreign from my thoughts.
[40] His words nt a quiver through my body.
5.1 Structural Addition结构性增补
We won’t retreat; we never have and never will.我们不后退，我们从来没有后退，我们将来也决不后退。原则1：Supplying words omitted or substituted in the original (补充原文省略或被省略的词）
1.补充原文省略或被省略的词
2.补充译文结构或者搭配所需要的词语
5.2 语意性和语境因素增补课本第130页例子1-6。
Cillin Powell was the worst kept cret. 克林·鲍威尔将军要当国务卿已是公开的秘密了。
练习：
1. This is esntial for the victory of the revolutionary cau.（动）
2. The grief of the people took charge.（补名）
3. I was struck by their cordiality to each other. (补名)
4. A new kind of aircraft——small, cheap, pilotless——is attracting increasing attention.（补名）
5. At the meeting he made a speech——eloquent and energetic. (补副词）
6.The car stopped in front of the Nile Hilton.（补概念词）
7. This too was a complete lie.（补数量词）
8. A red sun ro slowly from the calm a.（数）
9. Don’t take it riously. I’m just making fun of you. (补语气词）
答案：
1. 这是为取得革命事业胜利所必需的。
2. 人民的悲痛情绪失去了控制。
3. 他们彼此的亲密态度使我吃惊。
4. 一种新型的飞机正越来越引起人们的注意——这种飞机体积不大、价格便宜、无人驾驶。
5. 他在会上发表了讲话——很动听，很有力。
6. 轿车停在尼罗河希尔顿饭店的门口。
7. 这纯粹是一派胡言。
8. 一轮红日从风平浪静的海面冉冉升起。
9. 不要认真嘛！我不过开开玩笑罢了！
第六章省略法：
省略英语特有的词：
1. Omission of the Expletives it and there (省略助动词it和there, pp.146-147)
2. Omissions of English Articles (省略英语冠词, pp.148-149)
3. Omission of Words superfluous in Chine (省略汉语多余的词,pp.149-53)
4. Omission of Connectives(省略连词，pp.153-154)
5. Omission of Prepositions and Prepositional Phras, V erbs or Particles, and Modifier Signs “的” a
nd “地”（pp.158-160)。Eg. A doctor’s duty is to make every effort to save the dying and help the wounded.医生的职责是尽心尽力地救死扶伤。练习：
1. As he approached the village he met a number of people but none of whom he knew, which somewhat surprid him. (省略人称代词）快到村子时，他遇见了许多人。可是一个也不认识。这使他有点惊讶。
2. She listened for a moment with her rounded eyes. （省略物主代词）她睁圆着眼睛听了一会儿。
3. She is just the person——so quiet and so bright.（省略并列连词）她正好是个理想的角色——秉性温和，聪明伶俐。
4. The grandmother said she would tell them a story if they would keep quiet.（略从属连词）
祖母说，他们肯安静下来不争吵，就给讲个故事。
5. He would never have to sleep in a strange bed. 他永远不睡在陌生的床上。
6. Life in the White Hou is active and inten. 白宫里的生活既活跃又紧张。
7. Allen had a long discussion with Nassar. He got nowhere. 艾伦同纳赛尔进行了长时间的会商，但毫无结果。
第七章重复法
2. 我们的民族再也不是一个被人侮辱的民族了。Ours is no longer a nation subject to insult and humiliation.
7.1 Grammatical Repetition/语法性重复
7.2. Rhetorical Reduplication & Repetition (修辞性重叠和重复）
第八章倒译法
1．固定词组：north，south，east，west “东、南、西、北”。
2．复合句：They were sons of the men who had left their homes and taken to the mountains with their broad swords by their side．一R．G．Gammage 他们都是那些抛弃家庭（抛妻别子）、身带大刀进入深山的好汉们的后代。
评析：如果顺译：“他们是好汉们的后代，那些好汉们曾经抛妻别子、身带大刀进入深山”。这么译气势就差了很多。英语中的限定性定语从句一般紧接着被修饰词，而在译成汉语时，这个限定性定语从句的意思习惯放在被修饰词的前面，形成“的”结构。
3．被动句：Everything possible was done to conceal our movements from the enemy and to mislead him．（W．Churchill）我们采取了一切可能的措施，以便对敌人隐瞒我们的活动情况，并迷惑他们。
4．否定性副词或条件副词开头句子的倒译：
（8）No possibility of alleviating adver opinion of them should be overlooked．
我们不应忽视能够缓和他们反对我们的任何可能性。
5．带有介词短语的句子的倒译：
(12) Don’t sleep with the windows open．不要开着窗子睡觉。
第九章反译法
Anxiety不安 a barren tract of land 不毛之地be at a loss 不知所措be fatally ill 不可救药failure 不成功keep…within bounds 不偏不倚life ntence (imprisonment) 无期徒刑prove worthy of our trust 不辜负众望soon enough 不久supreme authority 至高无上wet paint 油漆未干with dignity 不卑不亢
5) The criminal is still at large。罪犯还未捉拿归案。
6) The project is yet all in the air．这计划尚未落实。
7) The world will be long forgetting their evil．世人不会很快就忘掉他们的罪行。
8) This is the first time I have heard of him．以前我从未听说过他。
9) The beauty of the scenery pass all power of description．风景之美，非任何言语所能形容。
余薇练习：
1. I fail to understand your meaning．
2. He kept his eyes off Ges’s feet．
富县高级中学3. Y our legs are young enough to hold you．
4. The are days when nerves are worn thin．
5. They had better keep their promi, becau everything hinges on that right now．
1. He needed Jack too much to risk making him angry．
2.We tried vainly to measure the voltage．
3. All the questions have only been partially answered．
4. They resumed their ats moodily．
5. Slowly he pulled the letter out or the envelope, and unfolded it.
6. He can read fairly easily.
简简单单爱
1. Free from anxiety, the o1d are living a happy life in the home for the aged．
2. Pure metals have few uful properties．
3. It ems that this was simply an innocent preparation for maneuvers planned long ago．
4. A dert is a barren tract of land．
第十章拆译法
1．He retained me of what I should otherwi have forgotten. 他提醒了我，要不然我就把这事给忘了。
10.2 Picking Out of Phra
16. The trees on the straight wide roads have grown high and give deep shade.
拆译短语：大道又宽又直，两旁的树长高了，树阴更浓了。
10.3 拆译复合句Splitting of Complex Sentences
1．The draft resolution, carefully drafted in moderate terms, which, desspite its flaws, we shall support,is primarily an appeal. 这项决议草案，精心草拟，措词温和，首先是一种呼吁。尽管它有缺点，我们还要支持。
汉语的被动式表达
被：被打，被杀叫：叫人说得一文不值给：给他打了挨：挨打
遭：遭劫，遭灾受：受骗，受压迫由：由人宰割让：让人摆弄
获：获救，获罪，获准为……所……；被……所……；让……给……
