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中国环境科学 2020,40(2)：554~563 China Environmental Science 阿拉伯半岛沙尘时空分布特征及气象条件
高菲1，韩永翔1*，潘琳1，陆正奇1，赵天良1，李哲2(1.南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心，中国气象局气溶胶-云-降水重点开放实验室，江苏南京 210044；2.国网河南省电力公司电力科学研究院，河南郑州 450052)
摘要：通过对阿拉伯半岛地面90个气象站20年沙尘天气、AI指数及风场的时空分布特征结合气象条件分析，确定该区域沙尘天气的发生规律及传输路径.结果表明：永久多尘地区是半岛扬沙发生最频繁的区域，从2月开始扩张，并在6月达到最大.浮尘的时空分布与扬沙类似，但还存在希贾兹山脉北部和波斯湾沿岸的高值中心, 3月与永久多尘地区的高值区连成一片,6~7月达到最大，然后开始收缩并分裂成几个小中心.AI指数存在一个像倒箭头的相对高值中心，其变化具有明显的单峰分布，强度和范围在6月最大.10~4月和5~9月半岛分别盛行顺时针、逆时针旋转的风向，它们将沙尘远程传输到下游地区.天气学分析表明，冷锋入侵半岛使得来自北方的冷空气快速锲入暖空气之下，是导致沙尘天气出现的主要原因；后向轨迹聚类分析显示，半岛存在3类传输路径，其重要性依次为西北方向撒哈拉沙漠的远程传输、反气旋风场将来自伊拉克或伊朗的沙尘远程传输和本地的沙尘源传输.
关键词：沙尘天气；沙尘源地；气溶胶指数；传输路径；后向轨迹
中图分类号：X513 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-6923(2020)02-0554-10
Spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of sand dust and meteorological drivers in the Arabian Peninsula. GAO Fei1, HAN Yong-xiang1*, PAN Lin1, LU Zheng-qi1, ZHAO Tian-liang1, LI Zhe2 (1.Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China；2.Electric Power Rearch Institute of State Grid Henan Electric Power Company, Zhengzhou 450052, China). China Environmental Science, 2020,40(2)：554~563
Abstract：Bad on the analysis of the spatial-temporal distribution of dust weather, the wind fields, and the AI(Aerosols Index) at 90 stations over the past 20 years, the occurrences and transport pathways of dust weather in this region are identified. Permanently dusty land was the source of most blowing sand weathers on the peninsula, beginning to expand in February and peaking in June. The distribution of floating dust was similar, but with another high-value center in the northern Hijaz Mountains, connecting with the high-value area of permanently dusty land in March, reaching its maximum area in June-July, after then shrinking and splitting into veral small parts. The AI Index was distributed as a "down arrow" relatively high value center, with an evident unimodal distrib
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ution. The intensity and area of AI reached a peak in June. From October to April and from M ay to September, the wind direction in the peninsula respectively shifted clockwi and counterclockwi, driving dust transport downstream. Synoptic analysis showed that with the cold front invading the peninsula the cold air moved quickly from the north lifting the warm air, which was the main reason for the dust weather. The backward trajectory clustering analysis prented three transport routes over the peninsula, to the Sahara dert in the northwest direction, from Iraq or Iran by counter cyclone field, and the local transport.
Q版头像女Key words：dust weather；dust source；aerosol index；transport pathway；backward trajectory
沙尘气溶胶主要来源于沙漠和干旱地区的风蚀及随风扬起过程[1]，是大气对流层气溶胶的重要组成部分[2-3]，它通过对辐射的吸收和散射改变着大气热力状况，从而影响局地和全球气候[4].阿拉伯半岛是世界上5个重要的沙尘源区之一，而且连接了北非和中亚两个最大的沙源地[5-7]，在沙尘气溶胶传输中起着不可忽视的纽带作用[8-10].
景观设计国内外对阿拉伯半岛沙尘气溶胶的研究已取得了很大的进展[11-12].研究表明，沙尘暴活动主要发生在从伊拉克的底格里斯—幼发拉底河流域延伸到阿曼地区的半岛东部，途中经过沙特阿拉伯中部和东部的代赫纳沙漠[13-14]，红海沿海的西北高地沙尘活动也很频繁[15].Notaro等[16]确定鲁卜哈利沙漠、
孕妇能吃葛根粉吗玛雅水上内夫得沙漠和代赫纳沙漠是阿拉伯半岛当地沙尘的主要来源.另外，来自北非撒哈拉沙漠的沙尘远程传输也会影响阿拉伯半岛的西部和北部[17-19].半岛上空沙尘活动具有较高的时空变动性，早春(3月至5月)在沙特阿拉伯北部的内夫德沙漠和叙利亚沙漠的沙尘活动出现峰值，初夏(6月)在沙特阿拉伯东部收稿日期：2019-07-28
婚礼祝酒词基金项目：国家自然科学基金(41875176)什么是绩效
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