英文文献
Engineering cost management
Project cost control emphasis should be transferred to the project construction early days, is transferred to the project decision and design stage. Project cost control in construction projects throughout the entire process, the key lies in the pre construction investment decision-making with design pha, whereas in the investment decision is made, the key lies in designing. According to expert analysis: architectural design, in the preliminary design stage, design stage, construction design stage to the engineering effect were 75% ~ 95%, 35% ~ 75%, 5% ~ 35%; while in the construction pha, through the optimization of construction organization design, construction cost saving the possibility of only 5% to 10%. We should put the focus shifted to the design stage, in order to get twice the result with half the effort.
梦到去世的人
单身证明Pay attention to the technical and economic optimization combination. The combination of technology with economy is most effective way to control engineering cost. China engineeri
ng fields for a long time did not do this. The lack of technical personnel economy idea, design thought is conrvative, the design of the outcome of the economy are not fully reflect. Therefore, we should solve the problem is to improve economic efficiency as the goal, in the construction process, organization, technology and economy organic ground union ris. Through the economic analysis, comparative study and effect evaluation, correct processing of advanced technology and reasonable in economy between the relation of unity of opposites, strive to advanced technology under the conditions of economic rational, reasonable in economy bad on advanced technology.
女生适合的职业
下巴长毛>施工方案内容Carry out "limitation is designed" method. To be consciously put the application of value engineering to the specific design, actively promote quota design in engineering design contract, by way of bidding. This has been proven in practice is an effective way, it is not only an economic problem, more precily a technical and economic problems. This "limitation is designed" to effectively control the project cost. In order to make the "limitation is designed" to achieve the desired objectives, should be involved in the design personnel must be experienced skilled economic designer. Their design results must be p
ractical, advanced and reasonable cost. Control of engineering cost on the other hand is the need for comparison, becau the outcome is a process of gradual improvement, and not to decide, so the comparison is a measure of its practical, advanced and economical means.
Do good project cost control in the process. ( 1) compilation of economic and feasible construction scheme. Before construction, construction enterpris should be combined with the construction drawings and the actual situation at the scene, their mechanical equipment, construction experience, the management level and technical specification acceptance criteria, a t of practical and feasible construction scheme. The construction scheme is engineering implementation of the programme of action. ( 2) to technical personnel, materials, machinery and personnel staff communication and coordination. In the process of construction, construction technology, materials and mechanical personnel should cooperate cloly, understand each other, to management as the core, to reduce costs for the purpo of. ( 3) to the project completion ttlement. Strict supervision system. Control project cost effectively, in the early pha of the project shall be subject t
o supervision (including cost management ) system. Through analyzing the design process of supervision, make the design more reasonable, cost control to limit the scope of, accomplish truly with the smallest investment maximize output.
Strict supervision system. Control project cost effectively, in the early pha of the project shall be subject to supervision (including cost management ) system. Through analyzing the design process of supervision, make the design more reasonable, cost control to limit the scope of, accomplish truly with the smallest investment maximize output.
孕酮低是怎么回事To establish and perfect the independent project cost advisory body, cultivate a Zhi De have both engineering team. To establish a real n of independent engineering cost consulting agencies. Through improving the laws and regulations, normative behavior, parate government functions from enterpri management, the establishment of independent business partnership, share-holding system, the limited responsibility system and other forms of organization, an industry-bad, diversified rvices integrated project consulting company, build and development and reform the engineering cost inter
mediary rvice institutions, make construction project management of a gradual transition by an independent specialized agency in charge of project cost whole process tracking management, truly between owner and contractor plays an intermediary role. To strengthen engineering cost consulting industry association construction, establish project cost consulting industry lf-discipline mechanism, and constantly improve the Engineering Cost Association in engineering cost consulting industry status, to be truly reprentative of the interests of the majority of the industry practitioners, government and enterpris to become connection link and the bridge. At the same time to strengthen the project cost specialty in higher education and in rvice education. As a result of project cost management in construction projects and various economic interests are cloly related, and the whole social economic activities play a very important role, it requires the cost engineering technical personnel should have different levels of knowledge, in addition to their professional knowledge and have a deep understanding, also deal with the design content, design process, construction technology, project management, economic laws and regulations have a comprehensive understanding of. T牵牛花的样子
herefore, the project cost management, project cost per unit of society groups, has already obtained a cost engineer qualification personnel, in order to carry out plan, has the goal, multiple levels of continuing education and training, to understand and master Chine bilateral agreements with countries project cost technology, regulations, management system and its development trend, to expand domestic and foreign exchanges, and actively participate in international or regional engineering activities, improve their professional quality, so that the current practitioners in intelligent structure, theory and working experience three aspects can meet the needs of engineering cost management. Cost engineering professionals need to strengthen their own learning, in addition to the professional knowledge to upgrade, should also work in combination with a broad understanding and master the relevant engineering and technical experti, educational organizations and industry regulatory bodies constitute a complete education system, so as to the field of engineering nior talent development to create good conditions.
