城市与规划精髓——内与外、大与小、凹与凸（The esnce of city and Planning -- inner and outer, big and small, concave and
convex）
1 inside and outside
The two war Center North American city is commercial and residential mixed together. Beyond the center is to residential, with some commercial and rvice industries, in addition to industrial area, warehou area and wholesale business district etc.. In the center of the region, noble hous, slums and middle-class residence near each other. The center area outside living mostly middle class. Only rich people can afford to live in the suburbs.
After the two World War, the population explosion, the city spread out. Downtown renovation, construction of new office buildings, shopping malls, hotels and other places of entertainment. The old slums into a high-ri apartment, but still live in slum. Not converted into old crime spots or shelter evil people and countenance evil practices become a vagrant and poor shelter. The downtown area day prosperity, is a danger zone and no zone at night. The middle class moved to suburban areas. They work day and night back to the downtown area, suburb residence sleep, sometimes to go shopping or
entertainment center. So the suburb becomes the metropolitan city "dormitory", monotonous and boring.
地理英语
With the metropolitan city, increasing the scope of daily commuting time, more and more, more and more traffic congestion. Employers in order to improve the efficiency of the workers,
the store owner for the convenience of customers, took office buildings, stores and factories moved to the suburbs to workers and customers. The suburbs began to appear "new city". Work, shopping and entertainment transfer from downtown to the new city center.
The "edge city" (edge city) is the name for Washington Post in the United States special reporter Joel. Cano (Joel Carreau) interview, after years of rearch, published in 1991, named after the book and come. This book is basically anti planning, very influential. Cano (Carreau) believes that the edge city is only natural phenomenon in the modern economic and social planning, only dogmatic and hinder the natural development. He found a lot of "law from the edge of city rearch". Is a reflection of the special process of economic and social development in North America (especially the u of cars), although not necessarily applicable to the China, but of great reference and inspiration.
The following definition of his edge city downtown:
(1) there are more than 500 thousand M^2 office building floor area (floor space). This is general medium city (his example is Memphis, Tenne United States Memphis) more office downtown area total floor area;
(2) there are more than 60 thousand M^2 of the retail floor area (retail), at least three large department stores and other 80~100 stores, especially high-end shops;
(3) occupation more than the number of job;
泰国哪里好玩(4) in the hearts of residents is a complete and comprehensive center, can meet the needs of their employment, shopping and entertainment;
(5) in the last 30 years began to appear.卡尼尔祛痘
He obrved that some of the following "law on the edge of the city":
(1) the first step edge city is usually a 100 thousand M^2 Shopping Center (mall). The shopping center of the market range is 15 minutes and 250 thousand people.
(2) walk to the car distance limit American berth is 180M. This is the parking lot to the distance from the ultimate destination. This law has the following law of:
A, a large shopping center usually has veral key department store (anchor stores). In the design, can not let the customer in a company's entrance to e another company. If you e, he will consider how far can walk to the company to watch and shopping. So, he will drive over to the parking lot. However, he got into the car will not stay in the shopping center. He may go home or go to other center.小女孩漫画
B, parking and shopping center recently at the entrance distance is less than 90m.瀑布怎么画
C, if ud in the design limit of the car easy to walk, then may be able to walk up to the 450m limit, but it may also scare
customers.
(3) a shaped edge growth rate in the city should be from 85% has been located in the edge of city within the enterpri and company.
酒吧英文
(4) most Americans downstairs is a layer, or no down. This law has the following law of:
A, if the shopping centre is three storeys high, import and export should be placed on the cond floor.
B, office building more than one storey, will u the elevator (elevator).
C, three or more than three layers of the apartment, needs to u the elevator.
D, since we can simply u the elevator, more than a few layers of material.
(5) the office staff each need 25M^2 space (18~35). The office staff parking, each car with 40M^2. that is vehicle space than people with more space to be.
(6) if the edge city has 1 million M^2 office and retail area, traffic will be 40 thousand trips a day.
本店(7) the American people are not willing to transfer (transfer vehicle). The most is a turn, walk to the bus station, turn on the bus, or drive to work on the train station, turn on the train,
more than once. More importantly, one of the last car will not transfer to other vehicles or on foot.
(8) only 12% cars will be diverted to the commuter train. That is to say, a 1 million m^2 office and commercial space, edge city can only have 4800 train pasngers. (6).
(9) commuter train required minimum number of pasngers is 15000. That is to say, the edge of a city must have at least 3 million M^2 office and commercial area, are eligible to do work on the train system.
(10) light rail vehicles required minimum pasnger volume is 7000 people every day. That is to say an edge city to do light rail vehicle system, there should be at least 1 million 450 thousand M^2 office and commercial area (which is equal to St. Louis, or Cincinnati city all the office and commercial area).
2 big and small
I live in the city of Kingston, a population of only 110 thousand, is a city with a history of 300 years. Walk to the office every day, all along the small cottage, with lawns and gardens are home, roadside tree, hospitals, schools, church middle. The road do not know who will cry early. Midway has a child to school across the street where. An old man is responsible for their safety, I will talk with him about a few words.
Oncoming bus driver is recognized, will hand to greet. This is a typical small town and the rhythm of human.
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