Chapter 3：From Morpheme to Phra 形态学
I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or Fal:
1. Morphology studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.
2.Words are the smallest meaningful units of language.
3. Just as a phoneme is the basic unit in the study of phonology, so is a morpheme the basic unit in the study of morphology.
4. The smallest meaningful units that can be ud freely all by themlves are free morphemes.
5. Bound morphemes include two types: roots and affixes.
6. Inflectional morphemes manifest various grammatical relations or grammatical categories such as number, ten, degree, and ca.
7. The existing form to which a derivational affix can be added is called a stem, which can be a bound root, a free morpheme, or a derived form itlf.
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8. Prefixes usually modify the part of speech of the original word, not the meaning of it.
9. There are rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a new word. Therefore, words formed according to the morphological rules are acceptable words.
10. Phonetically, the stress of a compound always falls on the first element, while the cond element receives condary stress.
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II. Fill in each blank below with one word which begins with the letter given:
11. Morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of language.
12. The affix “-ish” in the word boyish conveys a g败走麦城的意思rammatical meaning.
13. Bound morphemes are tho that cannot be ud independently but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word.
14. Affixes are of two types: inflectional affixes and d翡翠白菜饺erivative affixes.
15. Derivative affixes are added to an existing form to create words.
16. A suffix is added to the end of stems to modify the meaning of the original word and it
may ca change its part of speech.
17. Compounding is the combination of two or sometimes more than two words to create new words.
18. The rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a new word are called morphological rules.
19. In terms of morphemic analysis, derivation can be viewed as the addition of affixes to stems to form new words.
20. A stem can be a bound root, a free morpheme, or a derived form itlf to which a derivational affix can be added.
III. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement:
21. The morpheme “vision” in the common word “television” is a(n) ______.
A. bound morpheme B. bound form
C. inflectional morpheme D. free morpheme
22. The compound word “bookstore” is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the meaning of a compound ______.
A. is the sum total of the meaning of its components
B. can always be worked out by looking at the meanings of morphemes
C. is the same as the meaning of a free phra.
D. None of the above.
23. The part of speech of the compounds is generally determined by the part of speech of _______.
A. the first element B. the cond element
C. either the first or the cond element
D. both the first and the cond elements.
24. _______ are tho that cannot be ud independently but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word.
李易峰公司 A. Free morphemes B. Bound morphemes C. Bound words D. Words
25. _____ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the ru
les by which words are formed.
A. Syntax B.Grammar C. Morphology D. Morpheme
26. The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is _______.
A. lexical B. morphemic C. grammatical D. mantic
27. Bound morphemes are tho that ___________.
A. have to be ud independently
B. can not be combined with other morphemes
C. can either be free or bound
D. have to be combined with other morphemes.
28. ____ modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the part of speech of the original word.
双绞线传输 A. Prefixes B. Suffixes C. Roots D. Affixes
29. _____ are often thought to be the smallest meaningful units of language by the linguists.
A. Words B. Morphemes C. Phonemes D. Sentences
30. “-s” in the word “books” is _______.
A. a derivative affix B. a stem C. an inflectional affix D. a root
IV. Define the following terms:
31. morphology 32. inflectional morphology 33. derivational morphology
34. morpheme 35. free morpheme 36. bound morpheme粘着语素 37. root
38. affix 39. prefix 40. suffix 41. derivation 42. Compounding
31. Morphology: Morphology is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.
32. inflectional morphology: The inflectional morphology studies the inflections
33. derivational morphology泪水决堤: Derivational morphology is the study of word- formation.
34. Morpheme: It is the smallest meaningful unit of language.
35. free morpheme: Free morphemes are the morphemes which are independent units of
meaning and can be ud freely all by themlves or in combination with oth-er morphemes.
36. 敬老爱幼bound morpheme: Bound morphemes are the morphemes which cannot be ud indepen-dently but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word.
37. Root: A root is often en as part of a word; it can never stand by itlf al-though it b
ears clear, definite meaning; it must be combined with another root or an affix to form a word.
38. Affix: Affixes are of two types: inflectional and derivational. Inflectional affixes manifest various grammatical relations or grammatical categories, while derivational affixes are added to an existing form to create a word.
39. Prefix: Prefixes occur at the beginning of a word . Prefixes modify the meaning of the stem, but they usually do not change the part of speech of the original word.
40. Suffix: Suffixes are added to the end of the stems; they modify the meaning of the original word and in many cas change its part of speech.
