1. Word单词: is the smallest meaningful linguistic unit that can be ud on its won.
2. Vocabulary词汇: refers to all the words ud in a particular kind of work, business, etc. or known to a particular person.
3. Morpheme词素: a morpheme is the minimal unit—an arbitrary union of a sound and a meaning that cannot be further analyzed.
Lexicology 词汇学 rearch not only the structure and meaning of words but also their development, including their origin, history, change, their u and learning, and lexicography词典编撰者.
4. Free morphemes自由词素:are the morphemes which can be ud by itlf as a word.如book, wall, dog, bag.
5. Bond morphemes粘着词素:are the morphemes that cannot be ud by its own as a word, that’s to say, they must combined with other morphemes.如tele-, -tive, -ful.
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6. Content morphemes实意词素: are the morphemes that carry meaning, also often called open-class morphemes, becau they are open to the invention of arbitrary new items.如nouns, verbs and adjectives.
7. Function morphemes功能词素: are the morphemes which signal the relations among words. We also called clod-class morphemes, becau they are esntially clod to invention or borrowing.
8. Derivational morphemes派生词素:are the morphemes that can be added to a word to create a new word. This type of morphemes changes the meaning of the word or part of speech or both. 天津水魔方如 the addition of –ness to happy creates happiness which is a noun turned from the adjective happy.
9. Inflectional morphemes曲折词素: are create morphemes that express grammatical meaning like ten, number, aspect and so on. 如-d in invited indicates past ten.
10. Root词根:is the basic form of word which cannot be further analyzed without total lo
ss of identity. It carries the main components of the meaning of a word. It can also be defined as the part of a word which remains after all the inflectional and derivational affixes have been removed.
11. Free roots自由词根:are the roots can stand alone as words.
12. Bound roots粘着词根:are the roots cannot stand alone as words.
13. Stem词干: a stem can be defined as a form to which an affix can be added to. A stem is the part of word form, which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed.
14. Affix词缀:an affix is a morpheme that is attached to a root to form a word.
15. An inflectional affix曲折词缀 is often a suffix in English that performs a grammatical function and does not change the word class of its root. 如English plural复数 –s and past ten –ed are inflectional suffixes.
16. A derivational affix派生词缀 is an affix by means of which a new word can be formed,
derivational affixes may be prefixes or suffixes. 如in English –ness and pre-belongs to the derivational affixes.
17. Derivation派生法:is the morphological形态学的 process whereby a derivational morpheme is attached to a root or stem.
18. the word results from derivation is called a derivative.派生词
19. Prefixation前缀法:is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to stems.人行征信系统
20. Suffixation后缀法:is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to stems.
21. Conversion转化法:refers to the morphological process, whereby a new word is created without adding any affixes to the root or stem, just change the word class of the original word.
22. Compounding复合法:is concerned with the combination of two or more words to form a new word.
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蒙在鼓里的意思23. abbreviation缩略法:is lexically regarded as one of the minor means in English word-formation.
电脑无法启动怎么修复24. clipping截短法: is one way in which we shorten a relatively long word and thereby create a new one without changing its meaning. 如we change the word dormitory by clipping and form the new word dorm which is called a clipped word.
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ppt汇报25. initialism首字母缩略法: is a reduction process in which initialization in word is ud.有两种形式,如LA—Los Angeles; IOU—I owe you.
26. acronym首字母拼音法: is a word compod of the initial letters of the words of a phra and is pronounced as a word. 如LAN—local area network.
区别:initialism is pronounced letter by letter;acronym is pronounced whole word.
27. blending拼缀法: the process in which some words are formed by joining part of one word with part of another, is a minor, although fashionable, technique for forming new words.如smoke+fog=smog; spoon+fork=spork.缩略词blends
28. back-formation逆生法:is a formation of shortening in which the omitted material is or is perceived to be a formative, typically an affix.如houkeeper—houkeep; typewriter—typewrite..
29. onomatopoeia拟声法:is one of the minor devices ud to form echo/ echoic words related to the imitation of sounds made by human beings, animals and some other things.如ha- ha reprent the sound of laugh; boohoo show that someone is crying; bees—buzz.