大学英语专业词汇复习名词解释+解答
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Conversion: conversion is a word-formation process whereby a word of a certain word-class is shifted into a word of another word-class without the addition of an affix. For example, the verb attack corresponds to the noun attack.
Homonymy: words which are different in meanings but pronounced alike, or spelled alike, or both, are called homonymy. Blending: blending is a process of word-formation in which a new word is formed by combining the meanings and sounds of two words, one of which is not in its full form or both which are not in their full forms. For example: brunch (breakfast + lunch). Motivation: motivation refers to the connection between word-symbol and its n. Motivation can ari in three major ways: phonetic motivation, morphological motivation, mantic motivation.
Homophones: words identical in sound but different in meaning and spelling are called homophones. For example: dear, deer; sun, son.
对焦点Derivational affix: words when added to another morpheme, they “derive”a new word are called derivational affix. For example: re+write, mini +car, super +market, work +er.
Grammatical meaning: grammatical meaning consists of word-class and inflectional paradigm.
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Inflectional affixes (or inflectional morphemes): an inflectional affixes rves to express such meanings as plurality, ten, comparative or superlative degree. It does not form a new word with new lexical meaning when it is added to another word. Denotative meaning: Denotative meaning is sometimes called the conceptual meaning. It’s the central factor in linguistic communication. It involves the relationship between a linguistic unit and the non-linguistic entities to which it refers. And the denotative meaning of a word is its definition given in a dictionary.
沈浩Native words: words of Anglo-Saxon origin or of Old English are native words. Most native words are monosyllabic in modern English.
1.What are the three periods in view of the development of
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English vocabulary?
1.Old English (449-1100 AD). The beginning of old English is
marked by the arrival of the Germanic tribes called Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. People generally refer to Anglo-Saxon as old English. Old English is a highly inflected language. In this period, many Latin words and Scandinavian words came into the English language.
小科技小发明简单制作2.Middle English (1100-1500). Middle English period began
with the Norman Conquest. In this period, many words of French and Dutch origins were borrowed into English.
Middle English was characterized by its loss of many inflectional endings so that it was a language of leveled endings.
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3.Modern English (1500 to the prent). Modern English began
with the establishment of printing in England. Becau of the influence of the renaissance movement, many words of Latin and Greek origins, etc came into English. Also becau of the fast development in science and technology, many new words were created. Though borrowing remained an important means of English vocabulary expansion, yet more words were created through word formation.
2. What are the major contributors to the growth of English vocabulary? plea illustrate your point with examples.
Latin, e.g. bargain, cheap, inch, pound;
French, e.g. judge, conquer, baptism, coat;
Greek, e.g. drama, comedy, tragedy, lexicon;
Scandinavian, e.g. sister, husband, they, their.
3.What are the types of morphemes? Illustrate with examples.
Morphemes may be classified into free and bound. A free
morpheme is one that can be uttered alone with meaning, e.g.
man, red, read,write. A bound morpheme cannot stand by itlf as a complete utterance; it must appear with at least one other morpheme, free or bound, e.g. un+kind, work+ed, dog+s.
Alternatively, morphemes may be divided into roots and affixes. A root is the basic unchangeable part of a word, and it coveys the main lexical meaning of the work, worker, working, worked. And roots are either free and bound. Affix is a “collective term for the type of formative that can be ud only when added to another morpheme.”
And affixes are considered bound morphemes.
4.What is grammatical meaning of a word?
Grammatical meaning consists of word-class and inflectional paradigm. Word class descr
ibes the word’s lexical meaning and also gives what is traditionally known as the part of speech of the word, e.g. modern is adjective, modernize is verb, modernization is noun. Inflectional paradigm is the t of grammatical forms of a word.
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