Explain the following terms
一 1) free morpheme / A free morpheme is one that can be uttered如烟歌词发出，表达 alone with meaning. It can exist on its own without a bound morpheme. In the traditional n, a free morpheme is a word. 例如hand ,eat, get
严禁吸烟2) bound form /never ud as ntences.
– ess in countess, lioness and duchess – ish in boyish, childish and greenish – s in hats, books and cups
3) function words/ function words are often short words, they do not have much lexical meaning and some of them have no lexical meaning of their own; They are often short words such as determiners限定词 , conjunctions连词 , prepositions介词 , auxiliaries辅助物 , and so forth. 如 to, the , of , by
4) content words实词/ They are ud to name objects, qualities, actions, process or states, and have independent lexical meaning. They are the nouns, main verbs, adjectives
形容词 and adverbs副词 of a language.
二 1) synthetic综合的language / inflectional grammatical markers, French, German and Russian.挂失
2) analytic language /word order, prepositions or auxiliary verbs , English and Chine
3) Indo-European family of languages/ Europe and parts of Southern Asia Eight groups
三1) morphemes / The morpheme is the smallest meaningful linguistic unit of language, not divisible可分的 or analyzable into smaller forms.
2) 覃迅云allomorphs/variants变体 of the same morphem如im-, ir-, il- : allomorphs of the morpheme in-
3) root / is the basic unchangeable part of a word, and it conveys the main lexical meaning of the word. workable, worker, worked, and working
4) stem海源国际大酒店 /A stem is of concern only when dealing with inflectional morphology. Inflectional (but not derivational) affixes are added to it. It is the part of word-form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed. 如undesirables, undesirable; desired, desire
5) ba / A ba is any form to which affixes of any kind can be added.
Desirable, desire - ba and root, not stem; undesirable, desirable-ba, not root and stem
6) inflectional affixes /A inflectional affix rves to express such meanings as plurality复数, ten, and the comparative比较的 or superlative 最高的degree. 如 -s, -ed, -er, -est
7) derivational affixes / When they are added to another morpheme, they derive a new word.
re+write, mini+car, super+market, modern+ize, work+er
8) compounding 复合法 /Compounding is a word-formation process consisting of combining two or more bas to form a compound word
9) derivation 派生法 / Derivation or affixation is generally defined as a word-formation process by which new words are created by adding a prefix or a suffix or both to the ba
宫外孕是怎么回事10) conversion 转化法/ Conversion is a word-formation process in which a word of a certain word-class is shifted into a word of another word-class without the addition of an affix.
11) initialism / It is a type of shortening, using the first letters of words to form a proper name, a technical term, or a phra.
12) acronym首字母缩略词 / Acronyms are words formed from the initial letters of the name of an organization or a scientific term, etc. Acronyms differ from initialisms in that they are pronounced as words rather than as quences of letters.
板栗怎么做好吃又简单13) blending拼缀 /Blending is a process of word-formation in which a new word is formed
含有花的古诗
by combining the meanings and sounds of two words, one of which is not in its full form or both of which are not in their full forms.
14) clipping截短词 / The process of clipping involves the deletion of one or more syllables from a word (usually a noun), which is also available in its full form.
15) back-formation逆生法/ Back-formation is a term ud to refer to a type of word-formation by which a shorter word is coined by the deletion of a suppod affix from a longer form already prent in the language.
四meaning /is the thing or idea that it refers to or reprents and which can be explained using other words.
conventionality / most words are conventional, arbitrary symbols; conquently, there is no intrinsic relation between the sound-symbol and its n.
motivation 理据 / The connection between word symbol and its n.
grammatical meaning / Grammatical meaning consists of word-class and inflectional paradigm.
World-class: it describes the word’s lexical meaning and also gives what is traditionally known as the part of speech of the word, which modern linguists.
lexical meaning / Lexical meaning is dominant in content words, whereas grammatical meaning is dominant in function words, but in neither is grammatical meaning abnt.
denotative meaning指示意义/ is sometimes called the conceptual meaning. It is the central factor in linguistic communication. One of the functions of words is to designate or describe something, such as an object, a property, a process or a state of affairs. Urs of a language cannot talk about their knowledge of a physical object or a natural phenomenon, unless this knowledge is express in words which have the same meaning for all speakers of a given community.
