Forecasting Terms
The following definitions of some mon forecasting terms will help you extract the maximum information from forecasts.
Fine: No rain or other precipitation (hail, snow, etc). The u of fine is generally avoided in excessively cloudy, windy, foggy or dusty conditions.
In particular, note that fine means the abnce of rain or other precipitation such as hail or snow--not 'good' or 'pleasant' weather.
Dry: Free from rain. Normally ud when preceding weather has also been relatively dry, and dry weather is expected t°Continue for at least a day or so.
Cloud Cover
Clear: Free from cloud, fog, mist or dust haze.
Sunny: Little chance of the sun being obscured by cloud. (Note: High level cirrus clouds ar
e often thin and wispy, allowing a considerable amount of sunlight to penetrate them, sufficient to produce shadows. In this ca the day could be termed 'sunny' even though more than half the sky may be covered in cirrus cloud.)
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Cloudy:朱泥壶 Predominantly more cloud than clear sky. For example, during the day the sun would be obscured by cloud for substantial periods of time.
Overcast: Sky pletely covered with cloud.
Forecasts of cloud cover normally give an average, if no significant variations are expected. A clear day, for example, may at some times e a few cloud patches.
Forecasters expecting significant variations in cloud amount may u such terms as sunny periods, sunny breaks, cloudy periods, cloudy at times, mostly/mainly sunny, mostly/mainly cloudy.
If expecting a major change in cloud cover, they usually indicate a distinct trend, e.g. being sunny or cloud increasing.
Temperature Descriptors
Maximum Temperature (Highest daytime temperature) - Summer/Winter |
Summer | | | |
| | | |
Descriptive term | Inland plains | Coast and ranges
south of tropics | Coastal tropics |
Very hot: | more than 40 °C | more than 37 °C | - |
Hot: | 35-39 °C | 32-37 °C | 35-39 °C |
Warm: | 30-34 °C | 27-31 °C | Not ud |
Mild: | 25-29 °C | 22-26 °C | - |
Cool: | 20-24 °C | 16-21 °C | - |
Cold: | less than 20 °C | less than 16 °C | - |
| | | |
Winter | | | |
| | | 中日大战 |
Descriptive term | South of 33° S
plus ranges | North of 33° S except
ranges and tropics | Tropics |
Warm: | more than 20 °C | more than 25 °C 王者荣耀怎么 | - |
Mild: | 16-20 °C | 20-24 °C | - |
Cool: | 13-15 °C | 15-19 °C | 20-25 °C |
Cold: | 10-12 °C | 省略拼音 10-14 °C | less than 20 °C |
Very cold: | less than 10 °C | less than 10 °C | - |
| | | |
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Minimum Temperature (Lowest overnight temperature) - Summer/Winter |
Summer | | | |
武汉理工大学研究生 | | | |
Descriptive term | South of 33° S
plus ranges | North of 33° S except
ranges and tropics | Tropics |
Hot: | more than 22 °C | more than 25 °C | - |
Warm: | 18-21 °C | 21-24 °C | - |
Mild: | 15-17 °C | 18-20 °C | - |
Cool: | 10-14 °C | 13-17 °C | less than 20 °C |
Cold: | less than 10 °C | less than 13 °C | - |
| | | |
Winter | | | |
| | | |
Descriptive Term | South of 33° S plus ranges | North of 33° S except ranges and coastal tropics | Coastal Tropics |
Mild: | more than 10 °C | more than 15 °C | - |
Cool: | 5-9 °C | 10-14 °C | 13-17 °C |
Cold: | 1-4 °C | 5-9 °C | less than 13 °C |
Very cold: | less than 1 °C | less than 5 °C | - |
| | | |
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NOTES:
1. No international definitions have been laid down for the terms hot, warm, etc. The above table has therefore been developed in the Bureau to rve as a general guide only.
2. In using the table, forecasters u their discretion and take account of factors such as incidence of cloud/sunshine, wind (chill factor), location and time of year.
3. In some cas, terms such as 'warmer' may be ud to contrast the expected weather with the weather recently experienced.
4. 'Mild' need not be ud in the strict dictionary n (calm, fine) when indicating its assigned temperature ranges. Nevertheless, 'mild' is not ud when the weather departs significantly from the dictionary definition e.g: gales or heavy rain.
Description of Phenomena
Fog: Suspension of very small water droplets in the air, reducing visibility at ground level to less than a kilometre.
Smog: Smog ( contraction for 'smoke fog') is a fog in which smoke or other forms of atmospheric pollutant have an important part in causing the fog to thicken, and have unpleasant and dangerous physiological effects.
Mist: Similar to fog, but visibility remains more than a kilometre.
Frost: Deposit of soft white ice crystals or frozen dew drops on objects near the ground; formed when surface temperature falls below freezing point.
Precipitation: Any or all of the forms of water particles, whether liquid (e.g. rain, drizzle) or solid (e.g. hail, snow), that fall from a cloud or group of clouds and reach the ground. (See Drizzle, Rain)
Drizzle: Fairly uniform precipitation pod exclusively of very small water droplets (less than 0.5 mm in diameter) very clo to one another.
Rain: Precipitation of liquid water drops greater than 0.5 mm in diameter. In contrast to showers, it is steadier and normally falls from stratiform (layer) cloud.
Showers: Usually begin and end suddenly. Relatively short-lived, but may last half an hour. Often, but not always, parated by blue sky.
Blizzard: Violent and very cold wind which is laden with snow, some part, at least, of which has been raid from snow covered ground.
Thunderstorms: Thunderstorms are one or more convective clouds in which electrical discharge can be en as lightning and heard as thunder by a person on the earth's surface.
A vere thunderstorm produces one or more of :-
∙ hail at the ground with diameter of 2 cm or more;
∙ wind gusts at the ground of 90 km/h or more;
∙ tornadoes; or
∙ very heavy rain likely to cau flash flooding.
