2018年10期总第398期
语言文化研究
ENGLISH ON CAMPUS
Analysis of Conversational Implicatures in the Film The Continent from Cooperative Principle’s Perspective
文/ Xie Jintong
【Abstract】Cooperative Principle is a t of maxims guiding the process of communication, while few speakers actually obrve the maxims to fix conversational implicatures. The film The Continent prents unique descriptive style, which is of great irony and humor, and contains special conversational implicaturess. This paper tries to investigate how conversational implicatures are generated by violating Cooperative Principle and to have a good understanding of the film.
宙斯【Key words】Cooperative Principle; conversational implicatures; The Continent
【作者简介】谢金彤(1994- )，女，布依族，贵州六盘水人，贵州师范大学外国语学院，学生，英语教育硕士，研究
方向：英语教育。
方便的意思1. Introduction to The Continent
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The Continent, directed by Chine author Han Han is relead in 2014. It’s about youth, dreams and farewells. Haohan Ma, Jiang He and Hu Sheng, being asked to relocate from their homeland, start a road trip to Jiang He’s new teaching position. After a brief visit with old friend Zhou Mo, the three stop at a dilapidated hotel where Jiang He takes a shine to enigmatic Su Mi, a daml-in-distress, scaming Jiang He for money to give birth to a child abroad. A shakedown leads to a quick getaway, but Hu Sheng is left behind when Jiang He and Haohan abscond with Su Mi in tow. She isn’t with them for long, but some reflection on love between her and Jiang He are gleamed. Then the journey continues, without Hu Sheng and Su Mi, as Haohan decides to visit his pen pal Liu Yingying, a proprietor in a snooker hall who punctures Haohan’s dreams for love and family. A lf-aggrandizing blowhard, Haohan believes that Liu Yingying has long pined for him, but he’s about to get a rude awakening. And so it continues for the traveling twosome. And finally they meet A Lǚ, a fre
e-spirited wanderer who existence amounts to nothing but the need to find someone to relieve the pair of their car and walk the final stretch of their journey. Their journey begets feelings of transition and maturation as the two fights.
2. Cooperative Principle and Conversational Implicature It is H.P Grice who firstly propod the theory in 1967. He fleshes out the Cooperative Principle in four conversational maxims, which are commandments that people tacitly follow to further the conversation efficiently. The maxims can be expresd in details as follows (胡壮麟, 2012).
The maxim of quantity Make your contribution as informative as is
required for the current purpos of the exchange;
Do not make your contribution more informative发布会策划方案
than is required.
平方怎么写The maxim of quality Do not say what you believe to be fal; Do not
say that for which you lack adequate information. The maxim of relevance Make your contributions relevant. The maxim of manner Avoid obscurity; Avoid ambiguity; Be brief; Be
orderly Actually, the above maxims help understand interaction not only when they are abided by, but when they are not. If we violate a maxim, it is clear that the speaker intends the hearer to infer extra meaning of what is said. So the implicature is what we refer to the extra meaning.
A ntence ud in actual situations may have extra meaning. Speakers often mean more than what they say. How could this be possible? This is the kind of questions to which the theory of conversational implicature attempts to provide a tentative answer. The theory attempts to explain how a hearer gets what is meant from what is said, from the level of expresd meaning to the level of implied meaning (Grundy, 1995). For instance, a speaker may deliberately convey an additional meaning. He responds to the question “How did you like the guest lecturer?” with the following utterance: “Well, I’m sure he was speaking English.” The utterance has an additional non-literal meaning: the content of the lecturer’s speech was confusing.
3. Ca Analysis
3.1 Violating Quantity Maxim
(1) Jiang He: What do you do?
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A Lǚ: I travel. I travel around the country on a motorcycle. I don’t read a lot, but I’ve biked 140,000 km.
For Jiang He’s question, A Lǚ only needs to say that he
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