International Journal of Cultural Property(2008)15:377–383.Printed in the USA.
Copyright©2008International Cultural Property Society
doi:10.1017/S0940739108080417
DOCUMENTS
Significant documents of record recently produced and dealing with cultural property,heritage and related issues will be printed an-nually in the final issue(No.4)of each numbered volume.Docu-ments considered for publication may be national,regional,or international instruments and codes.Inquiries or suggestions regard-ing documentary materials may be addresd to the Chronicles Edi-tor,Kurt Siehr,at͗siehr@mpipriv.de͘or the Editor,Alexander Bauer, at͗alexander.bauer@qc.cuny.edu͘.
ICOMOS Charter for the
Interpretation and Prentation
of Cultural Heritage Sites
Prepared under the Auspices of the ICOMOS International Scientific Committee on Interpretation and Prentation of Cultural Heritage Sites
Ratified by the16th General Asmbly of ICOMOS, Québec(Canada),on4October2008
PREAMBLE
Since its establishment in1965as a worldwide organisation of heritage professionals dedicated to the study,documentation,and protection of cultural heritage sites,ICOMOS has striven to promote the conrvation ethic in all its activities and to help enhance public appreciation of humanity’s material heritage in all its forms and diversity.
As noted in the Charter of Venice(1964)“It is esntial that the principles guiding the prerva-tion and restoration of ancient buildings should be agreed and be laid down on an international basis,with each country being responsible for applying the plan within the framework of its own
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众字成语378DOCUMENTS culture and traditions.”Subquent ICOMOS charters have taken up that mission,establishing pro-fessional guidelines for specific conrvation challenges and encouraging e
ffective communication about the importance of heritage conrvation in every region of the world.
The earlier ICOMOS charters stress the importance of public communication as an esntial part of the larger conrvation process(variously describing it as“dismination,”“popularization,”“prentation,”and“interpretation”).They implicitly acknowledge that every act of heritage con-rvation—within all the world’s cultural traditions—is by its nature a communicative act.
From the vast range of surviving material remains and intangible values of past communities and civilisations,the choice of what to prerve,how to prerve it,and how it is to be prented to the public are all elements of site interpretation.They reprent every generation’s vision of what is significant,what is important,and why material remains from the past should be pasd on to gen-erations yet to come.
The need for a clear rationale,standardid terminology,and accepted professional principles for Interpretation and Prentation*is evident.In recent years,the dramatic expansion of interpretive activities at many cultural heritage sites and the introduction of elaborate interpretive technologies and new economic strategies for the marketing and management of cultural heritage sites have cre-
ated new complexities and aroud basic questions that are central to the goals of both conrvation and the public appreciation of cultural heritage sites throughout the world:
喜欢吃什么•What are the accepted and acceptable goals for the Interpretation and Prentation of cultural heritage sites?
•What principles should help determine which technical means and methods are appropriate in particular cultural and heritage contexts?
•What general ethical and professional considerations should help shape Interpretation and Pre-ntation in light of its wide variety of specific forms and techniques?
The purpo of this Charter is therefore to define the basic principles of Interpretation and Pren-tation as esntial components of heritage conrvation efforts and as a means of enhancing public appreciation and understanding of cultural heritage sites.*
DEFINITIONS
For the purpos of the prent Charter,
Interpretation refers to the full range of potential activities intended to heighten public aware-ness and enhance understanding of cultural heritage site.The can include print and elec-tronic publications,public lectures,on-site and directly related off-site installations,educational programmes,community activities,and ongoing rearch,training,and evaluation of the in-terpretation process itlf.
Prentation more specifically denotes the carefully planned communication of interpretive con-tent through the arrangement of interpretive information,physical access,and interpretive infrastructure at a cultural heritage site.It can be conveyed through a variety of technical *See definitions on page3.
*Although the principles and objectives of this Charter may equally apply to off-site interpretation, its main focus is interpretation and prentation at,or in the immediate vicinity of,cultural heritage sites.
DOCUMENTS379 means,including,yet not requiring,such elements as informational panels,muum-type dis-plays,formalized walking tours,lectures and guided tours,and multimedia applications and websites.
Interpretive infrastructure refers to physical installations,facilities,and areas at,or connected with a cultural heritage site that may be specifically utilid for the purpos of interpretation and prentati
on including tho supporting interpretation via new and existing technologies.
Site interpreters refers to staff or volunteers at a cultural heritage site who are permanently or temporarily engaged in the public communication of information relating to the values and significance of the site.
Cultural Heritage Site refers to a place,locality,natural landscape,ttlement area,architectural complex,archaeological site,or standing structure that is recognized and often legally pro-tected as a place of historical and cultural significance.
OBJECTIVES
In recognizing that interpretation and prentation are part of the overall process of cultural heri-tage conrvation and management,this Charter eks to establish ven cardinal principles,upon which Interpretation and Prentation—in whatever form or medium is deemed appropriate in spe-cific circumstances—should be bad.
Principle1:Access and Understanding
Principle2:Information Sources
Principle3:Attention to Setting and Context
Principle4:Prervation of Authenticity
Principle5:Planning for Sustainability
Principle6:Concern for Inclusiveness
Principle7:Importance of Rearch,Training,and Evaluation
Following from the ven principles,the objectives of this Charter are to:
1.Facilitate understanding and appreciation of cultural heritage sites and foster public aware-
ness and engagement in the need for their protection and conrvation.
2.Communicate the meaning of cultural heritage sites to a range of audiences through careful,
丹麦队documented recognition of significance,through accepted scientific and scholarly methods as well as from living cultural traditions.
3.Safeguard the tangible and intangible values of cultural heritage sites in their natural and
cultural ttings and social contexts.
4.Respect the authenticity of cultural heritage sites,by communicating the significance of their
historic fabric and cultural values and protecting them from the adver impact of intrusive interpretive infrastructure,visitor pressure,inaccurate or inappropriate interpretation.
5.Contribute to the sustainable conrvation of cultural heritage sites,through promoting pub-
lic understanding of,and participation in,ongoing conrvation efforts,ensuring long-term maintenance of the interpretive infrastructure and regular review of its interpretive contents.
6.Encourage inclusiveness in the interpretation of cultural heritage sites,by facilitating the in-
volvement of stakeholders and associated communities in the development and implementa-tion of interpretive programmes.
7.Develop technical and professional guidelines for heritage interpretation and prentation,
including technologies,rearch,and training.Such guidelines must be appropriate and sus-tainable in their social contexts.邀请函的格式
幼儿园安全教育380DOCUMENTS
PRINCIPLES
Principle1:Access and Understanding
Interpretation and prentation programmes should facilitate physical and intellectual access by the public to cultural heritage sites.
1.Effective interpretation and prentation should enhance personal experience,increa public
respect and understanding,and communicate the importance of the conrvation of cultural heritage sites.
2.Interpretation and prentation should encourage individuals and communities to reflect on
their own perceptions of a site and assist them in establishing a meaningful connection to it.
The aim should be to stimulate further interest,learning,experience,and exploration.
3.Interpretation and prentation programmes should identify and asss their audiences de-
mographically and culturally.Every effort should be made to communicate the site’s values and significance to its varied audiences.
4.The diversity of language among visitors and associated communities connected with a heri-
tage site should be taken into account in the interpretive infrastructure.
5.Interpretation and prentation activities should also be physically accessible to the public,in
all its variety.
6.In cas where physical access to a cultural heritage site is restricted due to conrvation con-
cerns,cultural nsitivities,adaptive re-u,or safety issues,interpretation and prentation should be provided off-site.
Principle2:Information Sources
Interpretation and prentation should be bad on evidence gathered through accepted scientific and scholarly methods as well as from living cultural traditions.
1.Interpretation should show the range of oral and written information,material remains,tra-
ditions,and meanings attributed to a site.The sources of this information should be docu-mented,archived,and made accessible to the public.
2.Interpretation should be bad on a well rearched,multidisciplinary study of the site and its
因为有了我作文surroundings.It should also acknowledge that meaningful interpretation necessarily includes reflection on alternative historical hypothes,local traditions,and stories.
3.At cultural heritage sites where traditional storytelling or memories of historical participants
provide an important source of information about the significance of the site,interpretive programmes should incorporate the oral testimonies—either indirectly,through the facili-ties of the interpretive infrastructure,or directly,through the active participation of members of associated communities as on-site interpreters.
4.Visual reconstructions,whether by artists,architects,or computer modelers,should be bad
upon detailed and systematic analysis of environmental,archaeological,architectural,and his-torical data,including analysis of written,oral and iconographic sources,and photography.
The information sources on which such visual renderings are bad should be clearly docu-mented and alternative reconstructions bad on the same evidence,when available,should be provided for comparison.
5.Interpretation and prentation programmes and activities should also be documented and
archived for future reference and reflection.
DOCUMENTS381 Principle3:Context and Setting
The Interpretation and Prentation of cultural heritage sites should relate to their wider social, cultural,historical,and natural contexts and ttings.
1.Interpretation should explore the significance of a site in its multi-faceted historical,political,
spiritual,and artistic contexts.It should consider all aspects of the site’s cultural,social,and environmental significance and values.
2.The public interpretation of a cultural heritage site should clearly distinguish and date the
successive phas and influences in its evolution.The contributions of all periods to the sig-nificance of a site should be respected.
3.Interpretation should also take into account all groups that have contributed to the historical
and cultural significance of the site.
4.The surrounding landscape,natural environment,and geographical tting are integral
parts of a site’s historical and cultural significance,and,as such,should be considered in its interpretation.
5.Intangible elements of a site’s heritage such as cultural and spiritual traditions,stories,music,
dance,theater,literature,visual arts,local customs and culinary heritage should be considered in its interpretation.
消防安全4个能力6.The cross-cultural significance of heritage sites,as well as the range of perspectives about them
bad on scholarly rearch,ancient records,and living traditions,should be considered in the formulation of interpretive programmes.
Principle4:Authenticity
The Interpretation and prentation of cultural heritage sites must respect the basic tenets of au-thenticity in the spirit of the Nara Document(1994).
1.Authenticity is a concern relevant to human communities as well as material remains.The
design of a heritage interpretation programme should respect the traditional social functions of the site and the cultural practices and dignity of local residents and associated communities.
2.Interpretation and prentation should contribute to the conrvation of the authenticity of a
cultural heritage site by communicating its significance without adverly impacting its cul-tural values or irreversibly altering its fabric.
3.All visible interpretive infrastructures(such as kiosks,walking paths,and information panels)
must be nsitive to the character,tting and the cultural and natural significance of the site, while remaining easily identifiable.
4.On-site concerts,dramatic performances,and other interpretive programmes must be care-
fully planned to protect the significance and physical surroundings of the site and minimi disturbance to the local residents.小动物过冬ppt
Principle5:Sustainability
The interpretation plan for a cultural heritage site must be nsitive to its natural and cultural environment,with social,financial,and environmental sustainability among its central goals.
1.The development and implementation of interpretation and prentation programmes should
be an integral part of the overall planning,budgeting,and management process of cultural heritage sites.
