专题08 完形填空（全国卷专用）（原卷版）
分析近年的考点分布可以看出：语法填空考察选型词以实词为主，其中名词、动词是考察重点，其次是形容词和副词，词组短语也是常考，A、B、C、D四个选项分布是均等的。
一、完形填空思维导图
二、巧取语篇层次题
语篇层次是最高的考点层次，也是学生拉分题，此类试题需要阅读全篇， 站在整个语篇的角度才能选出正确的答案。
技法1 利用首尾呼应关系解题
[例] [2021·浙江卷节选]
[2]I was nt to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8-day __42____. We had to 43.
carry everything we needed and walk three miles to where we worked. It may not em like a 44.long way but in 35 ℃ heat and with a heavy pack，my legs were on fire.
……
[6]53.Needless to say, I suffered a lot. But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I 54.survived. I think I am much 55.stronger for having taken part in the project.
42．A.tour B．project
C．campaign D．cour
解题依据：完形填空文章或段落存在首尾呼应的关系，通过结合首段(或首句)和尾段(或尾句)信息，考生可以更好地解答部分题目。
分析：本题可以利用首尾呼应解题。根据文章末尾的“the project”可知，本篇文章讲述地是作者某次项目的经历，结合文末信息回到开头题目，可知作者被派去Coronado National Forest是为了一个8天的“项目”。
磨励
为什么会长闭口技巧点拨：记叙类的完形填空文章往往通过讲述一个故事来传达中心思想或表达立意，作者多采用首尾呼应的文章写法，通过文章结尾处升华主题。因此，考生应学会首尾兼顾，结合文章开头、结尾信息解答题目。
技法2 利用文章发展脉络解题
[例] [2021·全国卷乙]
[1]Simply saying thank you doesn't em enough in certain situations. I was considering this while working as a 41.nur just a few weeks ago. And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different 42.grades of gratitude (感谢).
[2]My thoughts were soon __43__. We had a woman patient who was 44.recovering from a knee replacement operation. One afternoon, while 45.attempting to get into bed she collapd (倒下) from what was 46.eventually discovered to be a heart attack. The collap was disastrous, 47.requiring the emergency medical team and good teamwork.
But she recovered, though 48.slowly,__and was ready for discharge (出院) after four weeks.
43．A.brushed aside
B．put to the test
C．brought under discussion
D．taken into account
解题依据：中国笑话叙事型完形填空文章在行文结构上往往包括开端——故事发展——高潮——结局等不同情节，考生应梳理文章发展脉络，厘清行文结构。
分析：本题可以利用文章发展脉络解题。文章首段提出了一个想法：应有不同的词语表达不同程度的感谢，根据下文，作者叙述了一个患者表达感谢的故事。据此推断，作者在首段提出的想法很快经受了检验。be brushed aside“被漠视”；be put to the test“使受考验，使受检验”；be taken into account“被考虑进去”。
ipad刷机
技巧点拨：
解题策略 | 遵循发展脉络，合理思考推理，及时调整思路 |
上下求索，捕捉关键信息 |
回头看——关注是否与前文呼应，不留遗憾 |
关键点——需随机应变，不要一意孤行，更不可胡思乱想 |
| |
三、规避5大易错点智取完形拉分题
高考担负着区分考生、选拔人才的功能，因此每篇完形填空中总有2～3道较难题目成为考生取得优异成绩的“拦路虎”。导致这些题目失分的原因主要有以下几点：①解题信息比较隐蔽；②干扰项迷惑性较强；③情感态度较难把握；④惯性思维所致。针对这些题目，考生除了需要具备扎实的语言功底外，还应谨慎小心应对。本讲总结了解答完形填空的五大易错点，旨在让考生遇到此类题目时不要急于求成，要三思而后判。
易错点1 因缺乏全篇关联思维而错选
语篇层次题的解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群，而是分散在某一段或几段甚至全篇，这就要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择。对于此类题目，一定要坚持这样一个原则——不急于解答，读完全文后综合考虑再做判定。
怀孕能吃薯片吗
[例] [2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.
My best friend Betsy's father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, 41.made little bunny (兔子) cakes for all its 42.stores throughout Cleveland. It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for __43__ help during our spring break, for which I had no 44.plans beyond listening to my favorite records.
43．A.generous B．financial
C．technical D．temporary
分析：本题是典型的语篇层次题，只看题目所在的句子我们是无法确定答案的，此类题目
需要综合全篇来找线索。根据上文中的“for three whole days”和下文中的“during our spring break”可知，这里说的是春假期间，市中心的工厂需要临时找八个孩子来帮忙。generous“慷慨的，大方的”；financial“财务的，金融的”；technical“技术的，专业的”；temporary“临时的，暂时的”。
易错点2 因不能正确区分形近(义近)词而错选
老麻完形填空题选项中经常会出现一些形近词或义近词让考生辨析，因为词形相近或意义相近，无形中增加了难度，如果考生对这些词掌握得不好或不着眼于语篇的意义便很容易选错。
[例] [2021·全国甲卷]“I have 55.matured and I admit responsibility for my 56.actions，” he said in the letter. “I come to you, 57 ,to apologize for the damage I had 58.indirectly六级几分及格 caud and to ask you to 59.reconsider my lifetime ban from the hotel.”
57．A.hands in pockets B．no in the air
C．hat in hand D．feet on the ground
分析：四个备选项在形式上非常相似，基本都是名词＋介词＋名词的词组，部分考生很容易因混淆而失分。本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据空后压抑的心情“... apologize for the damage”可推测作者的态度是谦卑的，所以选hat in hand 恭敬地(乞求或请求)。其他选项不符合语境：hands in pockets双手插兜；no in the air目中无人；feet on the ground脚踏实地。考生如果完全掌握了这四个词组，很容易选出正确选项。
易错点3 因词汇理解障碍而错选
在完形填空题的设题上，命题者往往还将一些考生平常容易忽视的词汇设置成选项，从而造成考生错选。对于这些词汇，考生在平时必须高度重视，背熟记熟。
[例] [2021·天津卷]“It's a really great 33.experience for kids，” said a neighbor in an interview with the local newspaper. “Pruitt is certainly providing a 34.rvice,__but it's not just the bikes. It's the relationships in the community. It's the __35__ he can make on people.”
35．A.compromi B．impression
C．impact D．progress
分析：本题考查语境推断。根据全文内容可知，此处表示Pruitt的行为对人们产生的“影响”。本题的选择难度在于A选项“compromi 妥协，和解”对于同学们而言是一个相对陌生的词汇，一些考生可能因为词汇积累不够，又不能有效地利用上下文中的提示而失分。
