形容词和副词(二)
【复习目标】
难忘的记忆
▲掌握常见形容词和副词比较等级用法。
▲明确使用形容词和副词比较级和最高级的要点。
【知识要点】
（一）形容词和副词比较级和最高级的用法：
大多数形容词和副词都有三个等级：原级、比较级和最高级。形容词、副词的原形称为原级；两人或两物之间，在性质或特征方面相比较时，用比较级；在三个或三个以上人或事物之间进行性质或特征方面的比较，用最高级。
等级 | 比较程度 | 句型 | 读书目标怎么写例句 | 说明 |
原级 | A=B | as+原级+as | Lily is as old as HanMei. John runs as fast as Jim. | |
A≠B | not+so（as）+原级+as | This book is not so/as good as that one. He doesn't swim so/as well as his sister. | |
比较级 | A>或A<B | 比较+than | Shanghai is much bigger than Hangzhou. Mary is younger than Sue. | 文明伴我行演讲稿比较级可用much、far、even、a lot、a little、a bit等来修饰 |
程度加深 | 比较级+and+比较级 the+比较级，the+比较级 | China is getting stronger and stronger. The more trees are planted, the better. | |
最高级 | A>B,C,D…或A<B,C,D… | the+最高级+of/in | I am the shortest in my family. Lin’s hair is the longest of the three. | 副词最高级前the可以省略。 |
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注：有些形容词由于本身涵意的限制，没有比较级和最高级。如：dead, empty, round, sure, woolen等。
（二）使用比较级和最高级的几个要点
1．比较应在同类事物间进行
误：My hair is longer than you.
风暖碧落正：My hair is longer than yours.
为了避免重复累赘，比较状语从句中常有某些成分被省略，但作为“比较的对象”的成形容词和副词
分不能省掉，否则会造成不合逻辑的比较。误句中you和my hair不属同类的东西比较，故要成yours(=your hair),这样便属同类比较了。
2．避免双重比较
误：His handwriting is more better than mine.
正：His handwriting is better than mine.
在比较级前加上more属重复比较，是错误的。
3．比较级和最高级前的修饰语不可误用
误：You can jump very higher on the moon than on the earth.
正：You can jump much/far higher on the moon than on the earth.
very不可与比较级或最高级连用，比较级前可用much, far, even, a lot, a little等来
修饰。
4．最高级后的介词in与of
误：Xu Yang sings the best of her class.
正：Xu Yang sings the best in her class.
表示比较的范围的介词短语“in...”与“of...”在用法上是有区别的：
(1)in表示“在…内(指某范围内)”，其后接表示单位、组织、时间等概念的单数名词或代词。
(2)of表示“属性(指在同类人、物中)”，其后可接：
a.“the+基数词”或“the+基数词+名词复数”
eg: Betty is the youngest of the three girls.
b.“all +the(one's)+名词复数”或“all(作代词)”
eg: Lin Lan is the hardest of all.
5．形容词最高级前要用the
误：This TV play is best I have ever en.
正：This TV play is the best I have ever en.
形容词前必须用定冠词the,副词最高级前可以用也可以不用the。
6．比较级前加the
误：Lucy is nicer of the two.
正：Lucy is the nicer of the two.
形容词的比较是对两种性质相同的人或事物的比较：如“A比B漂亮”，英语有两种译法：一是把A、B都出来：A is nicer than B;另一种是只说出其中一个人：A is the nicer of the two.因此在“主语+谓语+the+比较级+of the two+复数名词”的句型中，比较级前的the不能省去。
7．比较要符合逻辑
误：Zhang Feng is shorter than any boy in his class.
正：Zhang Feng is shorter than any other boy in his class.
正：Zhang Feng is the shortest of all the boys in his class.
当比较的人或物超过两个时，我们使用“any other”或“the+最高级+of”的结构。误句中any boy(任何一个男孩)包括了Zhang Feng,而Zhang Feng不能比他本身还要矮。
8．主格和宾格问题
比较级than后应用人称代词的主格，但在非正式语体中常常用宾格，如：
I am older than she.
I am older than her.(多用于口语中) 梦见狗咬手
但有时意义有所不同。如：
I like the boy better than her.(我喜欢那个男孩胜于喜欢她)
I like the boy better than she.(我比她更喜欢那个男孩)
9．同一个表示比较的句子，可以有不同的表达。
大四规划如：他是班上个子最高的。
He is the tallest in his class.
He is the tallest student in his class.
He is the tallest of the students in his class.
He is taller than his classmates.
He is taller than any other student in his class.
He is taller than any of the other students in his class.
He is taller than any of the others in his class.
小孩可以吃藕粉吗He is taller than all of the others in his class.
He is taller than all the others in his class.
He is taller than anybody el in his class.
Nobody el in the class is as tall as he.
No one is taller than him in his class.
Nobody el is as tall as he in his class.
【典型例题解析】
例1 A plane is than a car.
A. slower B. slow C. faster D. fast
解析 根据题意，飞机与汽车在进行速度比较，因此要用形容词的比较级，故排除B、D；而答案slower表明飞机速度比汽车要慢，这样不合逻辑，因此答案为C。
例2 Shanghai is in China.
A. bigger B. the bigger city
C. the biggest cities D. the biggest city
解析 在中国有许多城市，所以此题要用最高级，故要排除A、B，而Shanghai是一个城市，所以答案C中的cities也是错误的，因此答案为D。
例3 Jeff runs fast. John runs faster. David runs the fastest .
A. of the three B. than Jeff C. than John D. than Jeff and John
解析 Jeff, John, David三人之间的比较，要用最高级，因此B、C、D中的比较级用法不对，应排除。答案应为A。
例4 In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than .
A. Hong Kong B. that Hong Kong
C. that of Hong Kong D. it of Hong Kong
解析 两者之间比较在内容上应保持一致，为避免重复，后一部分比较内容，用one代替可数名词单数，用tho代替复数名词，不可数名词用that代替。此题是两地天气之比，因此答案为C。
例5 He studies harder than the others his class.
A. at B. of C. for D. in
解析 表示比较的范围的介词短语用in...或of...，故排除A、C；而in表示“在...内(指某范围内)”，of表示“属性(指在同类人、物中)”，而his class是个单位，表示他的班级之内这一范围，故答案为D。
