【悼】瓦迪斯瓦夫·巴尔托舍夫斯基：伟大的幸存者
Obituary: Wladyslaw Bartoszewski60后老歌
讣文：瓦迪斯瓦夫·巴尔托舍夫斯基
The great survivor
伟大的幸存者
Wladyslaw Bartoszewski, a Polish statesman, died on April 24th, aged 93
波兰政治家瓦迪斯瓦夫·巴尔托舍夫斯基于4月24日逝世，享年93岁
May 7th 2015, 15:07 | From the print edition of The Economist
译者：娓娓说
WHEN Hitler’s forces marched into Warsaw in September 1939, Wladyslaw Bartoszewski’s parents told him not to panic. They had experienced German occupation during the last war.
There would be inconvenience, disorder and even looting. He should be careful. But it would not be too bad—the Germans were, after all, west Europeans—and by next year, the British and French would arrive.
1939年9月，当希特勒的势力深入华沙，瓦迪斯瓦夫·巴尔托舍夫斯基( Wladyslaw Bartoszewski)的父母告诉他不要惊慌。他们已经在上一次战争中经历过德占时期。这里将会不便、混乱，甚至被洗劫。他应该小心翼翼。但是情况也不至于太糟糕，这些德国人毕竟是西欧人，何况英国人和法国人会赶在年前来[援助波兰]。怎样变高
The Bartoszewskis could hardly have given their teenage son wor advice. The Western allies never came; instead the Soviets joined in the Nazi attack. Hitler not only wiped Poland off the map, but aimed to obliterate its language, culture and people. Wladyslaw, caught in a random round-up, was nt to Auschwitz.写一篇童话故事
巴尔托舍夫斯基夫妇给了他们年少的儿子一个最糟糕的建议。西方同盟国再也没来；苏联反而加入纳粹对波兰的进攻。希特勒不仅要将波兰从地图上抹去，还打算抹去它的语言、文化和人民。在一次任意围捕中，瓦迪斯瓦夫被抓，并被送往奥斯维辛集中营。做梦梦到车祸
He would have died there, but exceptionally his employer, the Polish Red Cross, managed to get him out by 1941. Freed, he wrote down the first account of the place. When a little girl on the train home offered him some bread and chee, it was the first touch of humanity since his arrest.英语学习反思
要不是他的所在单位波兰红十字会在1941年之前将其救出，恐怕他已经死在那了。获得自由后，他写下了第一篇关于那里的报道。火车上，有个小女孩给了他一些面包和奶酪，这是他自被监禁以来第一次感触到人性。
个性昵称He showed that kindness to Poland’s Jews. Through Zegota, a part of the Polish underground state t up for the purpo, he helped provide them with food, shelter, medical care and, during the doomed Warsaw ghetto uprising in 1943, arms. All this was punished by death, but Mr Bartoszewski—Zegota’s last survivor—scoffed at the idea that it was romantic or heroic. Tho involved would have thought such talk “crazy”. He, and they, simply believed that Hitler should not dictate what was right or wrong. His lifelong motto was “Be decent”. It didn’t always pay, but it was always worth it; whereas bad behaviour often paid off, but wasn’t worth it.
中国近代史简介他向波兰的犹太人展示了那种人性的善良。为了帮助犹太人，他通过波兰一个地下政府的一部分——Zegota，为他们提供食物、庇护、医疗护理，还为1943年时难逃一劫的华沙犹太人的起义提供武装。所有这些都以死亡作为惩罚，作为Zegota最后一位幸存者，巴尔托舍夫斯基却嘲笑将其视为浪漫英勇主义的想法。那些这样想的人会认为这样的言论是“疯狂”的。他，和他们，都单纯地认为希特勒不应该规定是与非。他的人生座右铭是“做正直的人”。这样做并不一直有好处，但总是值得的；反之，不良的行为常常使人获利，却不值得去做。
Many years later he would become “Righteous among Nations” at the Yad Vashem memorial in Israel. But like many valiant Poles, his post-war fate was percution. Prison under the new communist authorities was no better than Auschwitz, he recalled grimly.
许多年之后，他将成为以色列犹太大屠杀纪念馆的“民族正义之士”。但是像很多英勇的波兰人一样，他的战后命运也是遭受迫害。新共产主义政府下的监狱实际上和奥斯维辛集中营一样，他回忆到这些时仍心有余悸。
Post-Stalinist Poland was mostly boring and tiresome rather than horrible. A born optimist,
高血糖能吃什么 he refud to be cast down. Like many intellectuals, he spent decades in a grey zone of half-tolerated writing and lecturing. He was allowed to travel (his son went to Oxford), and was published widely abroad, though he was jailed again under martial law in 1981, when he relished giving survival tips to his less hardened cell-mates. The war truly ended only in 1989, he said, when Poland regained its freedom and his life began anew.
后斯大林时代的波兰大多时候与其说恐怖，不如说是没有生气、令人恼火的。作为一个天生的乐观主义者，他拒绝沮丧。和许多知识分子一样，他花了数十年在灰色地带进行勉强能被当局接受的写作和演讲。他被允许去旅行（他的儿子去了牛津），并被国外广泛报道，然而在1981年，他再一次在军事管制之下被囚禁，他开始热衷于给没吃过什么苦头的囚友传授生存技巧。他说，战争到1989年才真正结束，波兰重获自由，他也重获新生。
His excellent German made him a natural choice to be the new government’s ambassador to Austria, and he rved twice as foreign minister. He walked faster than his bodyguards, and talked faster than anyone; his machinegun delivery earned him the not wholly affectionate nickname of “Uzi”. But his moral stature, matched only by his physical
height, helped him pioneer two great reconciliations. One was with Israel, where Polish pre-war anti-Semitism was often, unfairly, en as part and parcel of the incomparably greater crime of German mass murder of Jews on the occupied country’s soil. Ever alert to crass national stereotyping, he also firmly rebutted the Polish association of Jews with communist torment: most Jews oppod Soviet rule and suffered under it, he insisted.
