The American War of Independence
Contents
Ⅰ. The introduction
The American War of Independence (1775-1783), played a very important role in American history. The reasons why we choo this topic are to make people know the relevant facts and its influence about this war. It 涉警舆情红烧八爪鱼was a conflict between 13 British colonies on the eastern aboard of North America and their parent country, Great Britain. France later intervened as an ally of the independent states, and the war resulted in the colonies becoming a parate nation, the United States of America. It is also known as the American Revolutionary War. Now we want to tell you something about the American War of Independence, such as its caus, main events, main figures and its outcome. Besides, we want to let you know something about the Declaration of Independence and the founding fathers as well.
Ⅱ. The caus
The War had many caus such as long-term social, economic, and political changes in the colonies before 1750 provided the basis for an independent nation with reprentative political institutions.
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1. Seven Years' War
The end of the Seven Years' War (1756-63), which had its North American beginning in 1754 and was known in America as the French and Indian War, made Britain remove a long-standing threat to the colonies. However, Britain accumulated a large debt over the cour of the war. To help pay off the debt, Britain turned to the colonies to generate revenue and they came into conflict with the political traditions and assumptions of the colonists who resisted what they saw as unconstitutional parliamentary innovation. Britain's king, George III, who had succeeded to the throne in 1760, was determined to play an active role in governing the nation. Due to the king's ineptitude, however, the result was political instability and a lack of direction in national affairs at the same time that Britain's crisis with its American colonies developed.
2. The Stamp Act
I如何建立一个网站n 1765 the British Parliament pasd the Stamp Act. It was the first direct tax to be levied on the American colonies, it required that all newspapers, legal documents and other papers issued in the colonies bear a stamp. The colonists argued that they should not be taxed since they had no reprentation in the British government. Faced with a loss of trade, Parliament repealed the Stamp Act in 1766.
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3. The Boston Massacre
On March 5, 1770, a crowd of jeering Bostonians slinging snowballs gathered around a small group of British soldiers guarding the Boston Customs Hou. The soldiers killed four civilians in the Boston Massacre. The event helped to unite the colonies against Britain and spark the colonists’ desire for American independence.
4. The Boston Tea Party
The colonists refud to buy the English tea. They viewed the Tea Act as another violatio
n of their constitutional right not to be taxed without reprentation. Colonial merchants also feared that the act would allow the East India Company to monopolize the tea trade and put them out of business. In Philadelphia and New York City the colonists would not permit British ships to unload tea. In Boston, in the so-called Boston Tea Party, a group of citizens, many disguid as Indians and threw 342 chests of tea into the harbor waters.
5. First Continental Congress
The First Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from twelve of the thirteen North American colonies that met on September 5, 1774, at Carpenters' Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Called in respon to the passage of the Intolerable Acts by the British Parliament, the Congress was attended by 56 members appointed by the legislatures of twelve of the Thirteen Colonies, the exception being the Province of Georgia, which did not nd delegates.
The Congress met briefly to consider options, including an economic boycott of British trade and pasd resolutions asrting colonial rights.
6. Thomas Paine’s Common Sen
On January 10, 1776, Thomas Paine published Common Sen to encourage the colonists to strive for independence. He was the first to openly suggest independence from Britain. His booklet inspired the colonists and would have a major influence on Tomas Jefferson in his writing of the Declaration of Independence.
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Ⅲ. The main events
1. Lexington and Concord (the beginning)
On April 19, 1775, 700 British soldiers were nt to Concord勇气与智慧 to arch for weapons and “rebellious” colonists. When the troops reached Lexington at dawn, they encountered militiamen .Fighting broke out and the first shots in the American War of Independence were fired.
The shots of Lexington
2. Second Continental Congress 遗望
In May 1775, the Second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia and began to assume the functions of a national government. It founded the Continental Army and Navy under the command of George Washington. It printed paper money and opened diplomatic relations with foreign powers.
Second Continental Congress
3. Saratoga
It is the turning point of the war. Burgoyne, with about 7000 men, was at first successful. On July 6 he took Fort Ticonderoga, and by July 29 he had reached the upper Hudson River, where he waited for additional supplies from Canada. Meanwhile, he nt a Hessian foraging party east into Vermont; this force was cut to pieces in the Battle of Ben
nington by Vermont and New Hampshire militia. The battle not only cost Burgoyne heavy casualties but stimulated American militia enlistments. He proceeded south in September but was further depleted in two battles near Saratoga with militiamen and Continental troops under Maj. Gen. Horatio Gates. On October 17 Burgoyne surrendered his army, with less than 5000 men, to Gates. Once news of Burgoyne's surrender reached France, King Louis XVI decided to enter into negotiations with the Americans that resulted in a Franco-American alliance.
